Effect of Caudal vs. Penile Block on the Incidence of Hypospadias Complications

Effect of Caudal vs. Penile Block on the Incidence of Hypospadias Complications Following Primary Repairs: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital malformations in male babies, affecting approximately 1 in every 200-300 live male births. This condition is characterized by an abnormal location of the urethral meatus, located on the ventral side of the penis, anywhere from the glans to the perineum.

Treatment of hypospadias is primarily surgical and aims at functional and cosmetic correction. However, surgery is often complex and can be associated with a significant risk of complications, such as fistula formation, wound dehiscence, urethral stricture, and dissatisfaction with cosmetic results. The search for optimal surgical techniques and postoperative management strategies that can reduce these complications continues.

Postoperative pain after penile surgery can cause agitation and anxiety in children, which can also lead to stress and tension in parents. In addition to ensuring the comfort of both children and parents, pain control reduces complications in the postoperative period and accelerates recovery. Different techniques such as local anesthesia, sedoanalgesia, general anesthesia or regional anesthesia are used in penile surgery. Caudal nerve block, a regional anesthesia technique, is widely used in pediatric infraumbilical surgeries, its anesthetic safety and effectiveness have been proven in recent years, and caudal block is generally applied safely to provide postoperative analgesia in these patients. These block applications reduce the need for analgesic and anesthetic drugs and prolong the pain-free period. At the same time, this method is easy and safe to apply. However, some anesthetic complications of caudal block have been reported in previous studies6. It has also been suggested that the use of caudal nerve block is a potential risk factor contributing to surgical complications in hypospadias surgeries. This was first reported by Kundra and his team in 2012. In the study, they noted that the fistula rate increased to 19.2% in patients receiving caudal nerve block compared to a 0% fistula rate in those receiving penile block during one-stage hypospadias repair. Since the initial findings of Kundra and his team, the use of caudal anesthesia during hypospadias repair has been a subject of ongoing debate.

Caudal nerve block, a regional anesthesia technique, is widely used in pediatric infraumbilical surgeries, and its safety and effectiveness as an anesthetic are well established. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of caudal nerve block anesthesia on postoperative surgical outcomes in male patients aged 6-48 months undergoing hypospadias repair

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Complication of Anesthesia
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: caudal block

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 62
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Di̇yarbakir
    • SUR, Di̇yarbakir, Turkey, (507) 621-4125
      • Dicle University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• hypospadias

Exclusion Criteria:

• the patients who alder than 48 month

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Group 1; Caudal Block	Procedure: caudal block; For the caudal block, a caudal needle was used by the same anesthesiologist after the patients were placed in the left lateral decubitus position.; Other Names: penile block
Active Comparator: Group 2; Penile Block	Procedure: caudal block; For the caudal block, a caudal needle was used by the same anesthesiologist after the patients were placed in the left lateral decubitus position.; Other Names: penile block

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
complication rate	Surgery-related complications such as wound dehiscence, fistula formation, and urethral stenosis due to the surgical procedure will be recorded.	01.07.2023-01.03.2024

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 16, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 8, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 30, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): October 31, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 31, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 30, 2024
• Last Verified: October 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urogenital Diseases; Genital Diseases; Genital Diseases, Male; Male Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Congenital Abnormalities; Urogenital Abnormalities; Penile Diseases; Hypospadias
• Other Study ID Numbers: Dicle University

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: ı will individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No