Effect of Resistance Exercise on Physical and Psychological Factors

Effects of Resistance Exercise-based Physical Activity Programme on Physical and Psychological Factors in Inactive Adults

Physical inactivity is a key risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, negatively affecting emotional well-being by increasing psychological distress and reducing mental health. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a resistance-based physical activity program on physical and psychological outcomes in physically inactive adults.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy; Physically Inactive
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Resistance Training Program

Detailed Description

Background/Objectives: Sedentary behavior is a prevalent risk factor contributing to the development and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Additionally, physical inactivity has been linked to diminished emotional well-being, characterized by elevated levels of psychological distress and compromised mental health. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of a resistance-focused physical activity intervention on both physical and psychological health outcomes in adults with chronically low levels of physical activity. A randomized controlled trial design was employed. The participant comprised 32 adults (mean age = 46.61 ± 7.33 years) included in the study. These individuals were randomly allocated to either a resistance exercise group (EG, n = 15) or a control group (CG, n = 17). Comprehensive assessments were conducted at baseline and following the 12-week intervention. These assessments included evaluations of muscle strength (knee flexors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, and core isometric strength), static and dynamic balance, proprioception, and functional movement capacity (as measured by the Functional Movement Screen (FMS)). Participants' psychological states were quantified using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The EG participated in a supervised resistance training program 3 days per week for 12 weeks, with each session lasting approximately 55-60 minutes. Conversely, the CG did not engage in any structured exercise program and were advised to maintain their customary lifestyle habits throughout the study duration.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 32
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Tekirdağ, Turkey
    • Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey,

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 40-60 years
• Physically independent
• Not having cardiac, orthopedic, or musculoskeletal dysfunctions
• Not participating in regular physical activity more than once a week for the last 5 months before the beginning of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Chronic ankle instability
• Lower extremity musculoskeletal injury in the previous 6 months
• Undergoing hormonal replacement therapy
• Having uncontrolled diabetes
• Having uncontrolled hypertension
• Histroy of cardiovascular disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Exercise group; The 12-week resistance training program consisted of three supervised sessions per week, each lasting approximately 55-60 minutes. Sessions were structured as follows: 5-7 minute dynamic warm-up, 35-40 minutes of resistance training, and 4-5 minutes of stretching for active recovery. Participants were paired based on similar strength fitness levels and progressed according to the principle of periodized progressive overload.	Other: Resistance Training Program; The 12-week resistance training program consisted of three supervised sessions per week, each lasting approximately 55-60 minutes. Sessions were structured as follows: 5-7 minute dynamic warm-up, 35-40 minutes of resistance training, and 4-5 minutes of stretching for active recovery.Participants were paired based on similar strength fitness levels and progressed according to the principle of periodized progressive overload. Training was delivered using a circuit protocol with 2-3 sets per exercise. The initial 4-week phase included 2 sets per exercise, with 8-20 repetitions and 1-2 minutes rest between sets. .The program incorporated functional exercises targeting the lower extremities, core, and upper extremities, utilizing equipment such as resistance bands, medicine balls, jump ropes, dumbbells, bars, and stability balls. Participants performed exercises in a circuit sequence, with the intensity, number of sets, and repetitions
No Intervention: control group; did not participate in any structured exercise program during the 12-week study period. The participants were asked to maintain their usual lifestyle habits.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Functional Movement Screen Test Protocol	a standardized assessment tool designed to evaluate fundamental movement patterns, identify asymmetries and weaknesses, and predict injury risk. The FMS consists of 7 movements: deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight leg raise, trunk stability push-up, and rotational stability.Each movement is scored on a 0-3 scale, with 3 indicating optimal performance. The maximum total score is 21.	From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
Balance	Balance was assessed using the Sensbalance MiniBoard (Sensamove®, Utrecht, The Netherlands), a movable platform that provides an interactive challenge to balance control. Participants performed two tasks, each completed twice and held for 30 seconds	From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
Strength tests	Lafayette Manual Muscle Test System (Model 01165) was used to determine isometric muscle strength. The Lafayette Manual Muscle Tester (MMT) system is an ergonomic handheld device used to objectively measure muscle strength.	From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks
Depression	The Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) is a widely used self-report tool designed to measure depression, anxiety, and stress levels in participants. It consists of 21 items divided into three subscales: Depression (e.g., feelings of sadness, lack of motivation); Anxiety (e.g., nervousness, fearfulness); Stress (e.g., tension, irritability) Each item is scored on a 4-point Likert scale, with the following options: 0 = Did not apply to me at all; 1 = Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time; 2 = Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of the time; 3 = Applied to me very much, or most of the time For each subscale, the scores range from 0 to 42 after adjustment.	From enrollment to the end of treatment at 12 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Monira Aldhahi
• Collaborators: Namik Kemal University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Kübra Ustaömer, Namik Kemal University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 30, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 20, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): November 24, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 25, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 25, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): November 27, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): December 2, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 27, 2024
• Last Verified: November 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: depression; Strength; balance
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2023.135.06.21; Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Universit (Other Identifier: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: The study investigators plan to disseminate the results of this trial through publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals and presentation at relevant conferences. While the investigators are committed to transparency and data sharing, individual participant data (IPD) may not be shared due to the potential risk of identifying participants despite anonymization efforts. Given the specific nature of the interventions and assessments, there is a possibility that participant identities could be inadvertently disclosed.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No