The Pain Perception Threshold in Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity

Can the Disease Subtype Affect the Pain Perception Threshold in Children Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity?

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the disease subtype affects the presence of chronic pain and pain perception threshold in pediatric patients followed up with the diagnosis of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and to evaluate the factors that may be related to pain perception threshold in disease subtypes.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity (ADHD); Pain Threshold
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Pain perception threshold

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 84

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Edirne, Turkey (Türkiye), 22030
    • Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients will be selected from among those who apply to Edirne Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Diseases polyclinic.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
• Being between the ages of 6-17
• Being at a clinically normal mental level

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having verbal and visual communication problems
• Having a history of perinatal complications or physical head trauma
• Having comorbid psychiatric disorders other than oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder
• Known history of chronic physical and neurological disease (such as cerebral palsy, diabetes, epilepsy, autoimmune diseases, liver and kidney failure)
• Presence of substance or alcohol use disorder
• Having a genetic disorder diagnosis

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Predominantly Inattentive; Patients diagnosed with inattentive subtype of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.	Other: Pain perception threshold; The patients' pressure pain threshold will be evaluated with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®).The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee.
Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive; Patients diagnosed with hyperactive-impulsive subtype of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.	Other: Pain perception threshold; The patients' pressure pain threshold will be evaluated with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®).The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee.
Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive Combination; Patients diagnosed with mix subtype of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.	Other: Pain perception threshold; The patients' pressure pain threshold will be evaluated with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®).The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
pressure pain threshold	The pressure pain threshold will be assessed with a manual pressure algometer (Baseline Dolorimtre®). The patients' pain perception thresholds will be measured bilaterally in the midfrontal region, the midpoint of the trapezius muscle, the lateral epicondyle, the midpoint of the web between the 1st and 2nd fingers, the greater trochanter, and the medial crease of the knee. During the measurement, the 1.52 cm2 flat circular probe of the algometer will be placed on the relevant area and the pressure will be increased by 1 kg/second. Patients will be asked to express their pain by saying 'stop' or raising their hands when they feel slight discomfort. The value for each reference area will be obtained by calculating the arithmetic mean of the paired measurements.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Presence of chronic pain	It will be questioned whether there has been continuous pain in any part of the body for at least 3 months.	Baseline
Pain score	The patients' pain score will be evaluated with the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). A 10 cm long horizontal straight line will be used in the NRS evaluation. Before the evaluation, the patient will be informed that a value of 0 represents no pain and a value of 10 represents the most severe pain felt to date. Patients will be asked to answer by considering the average of their pain over the last 3 days.	Baseline
Duration of chronic pain	The duration of pain that has continued for at least 3 months in any part of the body will be questioned.	Baseline
Sociodemographic data of patient	gender, age, height, weight, age of onset of complaints, duration of medication use, number of siblings, primary caregiver	Baseline
Sociodemographic data of patient's parents	Age, occupation, education level and psychiatric disease history of mother and father	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: İbrahim Tiryaki, MD, Sultan 1. Murat State Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 16, 2025
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 26, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): December 26, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 7, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 7, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): February 13, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 30, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 26, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
• Other Study ID Numbers: 29/12/2024-Number:04

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: If requested, the data of the study will be shared by the researchers.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No