EFT and Resilience in Nursing Students (Emotional)

Improving Perceived Stress, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality Among Nursing Students: Enhancing Resilience Through Emotional Freedom Techniques

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) application on stress, anxiety, and sleep quality in nursing students.

The nursing education process can cause high levels of psychological and physiological stress in students due to many factors such as a heavy theoretical knowledge load, clinical practice stress, exam anxiety, and shift work. This situation results in increased anxiety and impaired sleep quality, thereby negatively affecting students' academic performance, clinical skills, and overall well-being.

In this context, the study aims to evaluate whether EFT, as a complementary method, is effective in reducing stress and anxiety levels in nursing students, as well as improving sleep quality.

It is believed that the results of this research will contribute to the development of alternative approaches that support psychological well-being in nursing education and will provide evidence-based data on the integration of EFT into educational programs.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Sleep Quality; Nursing Students; Emotional Well-being
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Emotional Freedom Techniques; Other: PLESEBO

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT) application on stress, anxiety, and sleep quality in nursing students.

The nursing education process can cause high levels of psychological and physiological stress in students due to many factors such as a heavy theoretical knowledge load, clinical practice stress, exam anxiety, and shift work. This situation results in increased anxiety and impaired sleep quality, thereby negatively affecting students' academic performance, clinical skills, and overall well-being.

In this context, the study aims to evaluate whether EFT, as a complementary method, is effective in reducing stress and anxiety levels in nursing students, as well as improving sleep quality.

It is believed that the results of this research will contribute to the development of alternative approaches that support psychological well-being in nursing education and will provide evidence-based data on the integration of EFT into educational programs.

Existing studies on EFT applications for nursing students show promising results in reducing exam/academic anxiety and general stress levels; for example, some pre-post and small controlled studies have reported decreases in both stress and exam anxiety (Patterson, 2016; Vural, 2019). However, these studies have limitations such as sample size, use of comparison groups, and lack of long-term follow-up; therefore, the number of RCT (randomized controlled trial) studies with strong methodological design in the nursing student population is still limited.

Sleep quality is a strong determinant of both cognitive functioning and mood in students; when stress and anxiety levels are impaired, sleep quality can deteriorate, and conversely, improved sleep can contribute to a reduction in psychological symptoms. Studies investigating the direct effect of EFT on sleep quality are also increasing: studies conducted in various age groups and clinical populations report that EFT can improve sleep parameters or provide subjective sleep quality improvement, while some studies report mixed effect sizes or heterogeneous results in group comparisons (Souilm et al., 2022; Kalroozi et al., 2022; Özcan, 2025).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 105
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Leyla sezgin, lecturer; Phone Number: +905384567396; Email: leyla.sezgin@alparslan.edu.tr

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Currently enrolled in the Nursing Department at Muş Alparslan University,
• Be 18 years of age or older,
• Agree to participate in the study voluntarily,
• Have no psychiatric diagnosis or regular use of psychotropic medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

Students who do not regularly participate in the application process,

• Students who do not complete the data collection forms in full,
• Students who report physical or psychological discomfort during the EFT application process.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) Intervention Group; This arm applies Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) to nursing students to reduce stress- and anxiety-related sleep disturbances and to improve sleep quality, duration, and restorative function. Participants receive EFT sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks (45 minutes per session) conducted by a certified EFT trainer or a qualified mental health nurse in a quiet, well-ventilated classroom or counseling room. Each session follows a structured sequence: Opening and awareness (grounding): Participants describe their current emotional and sleep-related state. SUDS assessment (pre-test): Participants rate discomfort levels regarding sleep difficulty on a 0-10 scale. EFT tapping sequence: Guided, sleep-focused tapping targeting stress, anxiety, and sleep concerns. Reflection and closing: Participants discuss emotional changes and relaxation effects post-intervention. The EFT intervention is designed to enhance psychological resilience, promote emotional regulation, and improve overall sl	Behavioral: Emotional Freedom Techniques; Emotional Freedom Techniques
Placebo Comparator: Sham Emotional Freedom Techniques (Active Placebo Control Group); This arm involves an active placebo (sham) intervention designed to control for the non-specific effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) such as attention, touch, and expectation of benefit. The procedure mimics the structure and appearance of genuine EFT sessions but omits its core therapeutic components-specifically, tapping on energy meridian points and the use of emotionally focused affirmations. The goal is to provide a credible comparison condition that elicits similar expectations of stress and sleep improvement while lacking the specific EFT mechanisms. Intervention Details: Purpose: To simulate the general relaxation and expectancy effects of EFT without including its specific active therapeutic elements. Total Duration: 8 weeks Session Frequency: 2 sessions per week Session Length: Approximately 45 minutes per session Setting: Quiet, comfortable classroom or consultation room Practitioner: Same instructor as in the genuine EFT group to maintain consistency	Other: PLESEBO; PLESEBO
No Intervention: Objectives of the Control Group; Isolating the Effect of the Intervention The control group helps determine whether observed improvements in perceived stress, anxiety, and sleep quality result specifically from the EFT intervention, rather than from external factors such as the passage of time, habituation, or natural recovery. Distinguishing the Placebo Effect In psychosocial and behavioral interventions, non-specific factors-such as receiving attention from a practitioner, participating in a structured activity, and the psychological expectation of improvement ("I will get better")-can independently produce beneficial outcomes. The control group is used to account for and measure these placebo-related effects.Demonstrating the Natural Process In the absence of an active therapeutic intervention, the control group allows observation of how perceived stress, anxiety levels, and sleep quality naturally fluctuate or change over time.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Perceived Stress Levels from Baseline to Week 8 Measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)	Baseline and Week 8 (after completion of intervention)	UP TO 8 WEEKS

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Subjective Sleep Duration from Baseline to Week 8 as Reported by Participants	Baseline and Week 8 (after completion of intervention)	UP TO 8 WEEKS

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hasan Kalyoncu University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): December 22, 2025
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 20, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): June 20, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 17, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 30, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): January 9, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 9, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 30, 2025
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Sleep Quality; Nursing Students; Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT)
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Mental Disorders; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep Disorders, Intrinsic; Dyssomnias; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: 07.11.2025-218893

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No