Turkish Version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire

January 10, 2026 updated by: Mahmut Sürmeli, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Translation, Validity, and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire

Pain-related thoughts and beliefs play an important role in how individuals experience and cope with chronic pain. Metacognitions about pain, such as beliefs about the uncontrollability or harmfulness of pain-related thoughts, may influence emotional distress and pain-related outcomes. The Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire was developed to assess these beliefs; however, a validated Turkish version is not currently available. The aim of this study is to translate the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire into Turkish and to evaluate its validity and reliability in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. This observational study will include adult individuals experiencing chronic pain for at least three months. Data will be collected using self-report questionnaires administered in a single assessment session. The findings of this study are expected to provide a reliable and valid measurement tool for assessing pain-related metacognitions in Turkish-speaking populations and to support future clinical and research applications in chronic pain management.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Chronic pain is a complex condition influenced not only by biological factors but also by cognitive and emotional processes. Metacognitions, defined as beliefs about one's own thoughts, have been shown to play a significant role in the persistence and management of chronic pain. The Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire was developed to assess pain-related metacognitive beliefs, including perceptions about the uncontrollability, danger, and usefulness of pain-related thoughts. Despite its growing use in research, a validated Turkish version of this questionnaire is currently lacking.

This study is designed as an observational, cross-sectional investigation aiming to translate the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire into Turkish and to examine its psychometric properties in adults with chronic non-cancer pain. The translation process will follow standard forward-backward translation procedures to ensure linguistic and conceptual equivalence. Content validity will be evaluated by expert review.

Participants will be adults aged 18 years and older who have experienced chronic non-cancer pain for at least three months. After providing informed consent, participants will complete the Turkish version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire along with additional validated self-report measures assessing pain-related and psychological constructs. Data collection will be conducted through face-to-face or online survey methods, and all assessments will be completed at a single time point.

Psychometric analyses will include evaluation of internal consistency, test-retest reliability, construct validity, and factor structure. Correlational analyses will be used to examine relationships between pain metacognitions and related psychological variables. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the assessment of cognitive processes in chronic pain and to provide a valid and reliable instrument for use in Turkish clinical and research settings.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Estimated)

210

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

The study population consists of adults aged 18 years and older with chronic non-cancer pain.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged 18 years and older
  • Experiencing chronic non-cancer pain for at least three months
  • Ability to read and understand Turkish
  • Voluntary participation and provision of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of cancer-related pain
  • Severe cognitive impairment preventing completion of questionnaires
  • Incomplete or incorrectly completed questionnaires

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Adults with Chronic Pain
Adults aged 18 years and older with chronic non-cancer pain who participate voluntarily in this observational study.
Other: No Intervention (Observational Study)
This is an observational study. No intervention is administered. Data are collected using self-report questionnaires only.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain Metacognitions Score
Time Frame: At enrollment (single assessment)
Pain metacognitions will be assessed using the Turkish version of the Pain Metacognitions Questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluates metacognitive beliefs related to pain, including beliefs about the uncontrollability, danger, and usefulness of pain-related thoughts. Higher scores indicate more maladaptive pain-related metacognitions.
At enrollment (single assessment)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain Intensity
Time Frame: At enrollment (single assessment)
Pain intensity will be measured using a numerical rating scale as part of the Brief Pain Inventory, where higher scores indicate greater pain intensity.
At enrollment (single assessment)
Pain Interference
Time Frame: At enrollment (single assessment)
Pain interference will be assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory, evaluating the extent to which pain interferes with daily activities and functioning. Higher scores indicate greater pain-related interference.
At enrollment (single assessment)
Pain Catastrophizing
Time Frame: At enrollment (single assessment)
Pain catastrophizing will be measured using a validated self-report questionnaire assessing rumination, magnification, and helplessness related to pain. Higher scores indicate greater levels of pain catastrophizing.
At enrollment (single assessment)
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms
Time Frame: At enrollment (single assessment)
Symptoms of anxiety and depression will be evaluated using a validated self-report scale. Higher scores indicate greater psychological distress.
At enrollment (single assessment)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University

Collaborators

Çankırı Karatekin University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Estimated)

February 1, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

May 19, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

June 10, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 10, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 10, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 20, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 10, 2026

Last Verified

January 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • CKU-PMQ-TR-2025

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

Individual participant data will not be shared due to privacy and confidentiality considerations.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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