Acute Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar on Postprandial Plasma Malondialdehyde in Adult With Obesity

February 21, 2026 updated by: Ika Handayani, Indonesia University

Acute Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Consumption on Postprandial Plasma Malondialdehyde Level in Adult With Obesity

Research on the benefits of apple cider vinegar has tended to focus on its hypoglycemic effects and lipid profile changes during long-term consumption, without exploring its acute effects on oxidative stress during short-term consumption. Therefore, this study aimed to determine whether apple cider vinegar consumption affects postprandial plasma MDA levels in obese adults. The hypothesis of this study is that apple cider vinegar consumption has an acute effect on changes in postprandial plasma MDA levels in obese adult subjects.

Subject criteria are adults aged 19-59 years; obese nutritional status; based on a BMI of ≥ 25.0 kg/m² (according to the Asia-Pacific classification); in good general health. Exclusion criteria include pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause; consuming alcohol; intolerance to apple cider vinegar or fermented products.

This preliminary study, a parallel, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial, compared two groups: a control group receiving a standard diet without apple cider vinegar, and an intervention group receiving a standard diet with a single dose of apple cider vinegar.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This preliminary study is designed as a parallel, randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the acute effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on postprandial oxidative stress in adults with obesity.

Obesity is strongly associated with increased oxidative stress and enhanced lipid peroxidation, particularly in the postprandial state. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a widely used biomarker of lipid peroxidation and reflects oxidative damage to cell membranes. Postprandial increases in MDA may contribute to cardiometabolic risk. Apple cider vinegar contains acetic acid and bioactive compounds that may modulate postprandial metabolic responses and potentially attenuate oxidative stress. However, clinical evidence regarding its acute effect on postprandial lipid peroxidation in adults with obesity remains limited.

Eligible participants will be randomly assigned to either a control group (standard meal without ACV) or an intervention group (single dose of ACV prior to a standardized meal). The intervention consists of 15 mL of apple cider vinegar diluted in 250 mL of water, consumed within 5 minutes. The control group will receive 250 mL of water under identical conditions. Fifteen minutes after beverage consumption, participants will consume a standardized meal within 30 minutes.

To minimize confounding factors affecting oxidative stress, participants will undergo a one-week run-in period during which they will receive balanced diet education and be instructed to avoid antioxidant supplements and unusual strenuous physical activity. Additional dietary and lifestyle restrictions will be applied 24 hours prior to the intervention. Participants will fast overnight (10:00 PM-8:00 AM) before the study visit.

Venous blood samples will be collected in the fasting state (baseline) and 3 hours after meal consumption to assess changes in plasma malondialdehyde concentration. Lipid peroxidation will be quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of MDA-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) adducts.

The required sample size was calculated using a two-group comparison formula with an additional allowance for potential dropout. Participants who do not comply with beverage or meal consumption requirements will be excluded from per-protocol analysis.

This study aims to determine whether a single pre-meal dose of apple cider vinegar can attenuate postprandial lipid peroxidation in adults with obesity and provide evidence for its potential role as a simple dietary strategy to reduce oxidative stress.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

46

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Indonesia
      • Jakarta, Indonesia
        • Recruiting
        • Ministry of Youth and Sports of the Republic of Indonesia (KEMENPORA RI)
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Adults aged 19-59 years.
  2. Obese, based on a BMI of ≥ 25.0 kg/m² (according to the Asia-Pacific classification).
  3. In good general health.
  4. No diagnosed chronic diseases (e.g diabetes mellitus, heart disease, kidney disease, cancer, hepatitis, or chronic infections).
  5. Willing to participate in the entire study and sign an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Pregnant, breastfeeding, or menopausal women.
  2. Alcohol consumption.
  3. Intolerance to apple cider vinegar or fermented products.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Apple Cider Vinegar Group
Participants in this group received a single acute dose of apple cider vinegar administered before or with a standard test meal. Plasma malondialdehyde levels were measured before and after the meal.
Dietary supplement: apple cider vinegar
A single oral dose of apple cider vinegar was administered before a standard test meal to assess post-meal changes in plasma malondialdehyde levels.
No Intervention: Control Group
Participants in this group received a standard test meal without apple cider vinegar. Plasma malondialdehyde levels were measured before and after the meal.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Postprandial Plasma Malondialdehyde Levels
Time Frame: Baseline (fasting) to 3 hours postprandial
Change in plasma malondialdehyde concentration from baseline (fasting) to the postprandial time point following acute administration of apple cider vinegar compared with control.
Baseline (fasting) to 3 hours postprandial

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Indonesia University

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Ika Handayani, MD, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 4, 2026

Primary Completion (Estimated)

April 1, 2026

Study Completion (Estimated)

April 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 11, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 11, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

February 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 24, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 21, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 25-12-1899

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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