Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Macrosomia at Term: Diagnostic Accuracy Within 24 Hours of Delivery (ECHO-MACRO)

ECHO-MACRO : Ultrasound Estimation of Fetal Macrosomia at Term: Diagnostic Accuracy Within 24 Hours of Delivery

Obstetric ultrasonography is now an essential tool for monitoring pregnancy. In France, three ultrasounds are recommended during a singleton pregnancy (at 12, 22, and 32 weeks of amenorrhea) to improve maternal and neonatal care. Among the parameters studied, fetal weight estimation allows for the assessment of fetal growth and the detection of certain conditions such as intrauterine growth restriction or macrosomia.

Fetal weight estimation is based primarily on the Hadlock formula, which combines several biometric measurements (head circumference, abdominal circumference, and femur length). This estimate has a margin of error of 6 to 10% compared to birth weight, which is still accurate enough to guide important medical decisions, such as inducing labor or performing a cesarean section. However, an estimation error can have negative consequences for both mother and child.

Fetal macrosomia is defined as a birth weight greater than or equal to 4000 g. It affects approximately 5 to 10% of pregnancies. Screening is mainly based on ultrasound, particularly in the second and third trimesters.

Macrosomia is associated with an increased risk of complications for the mother (cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, or deep vein thrombosis) and the child (shoulder dystocia, fractures, brachial plexus palsy, or neonatal asphyxia). These risks are increased in cases of macrosomia in the context of maternal diabetes.

Within the gynecology-obstetrics department, physicians use the protocole of macrosomia screening described in the DAME trial. If macrosomia is suspected an additional ultrasound is performed at around 36 weeks of amenorrhea. The Hadlock formula is used to estimate fetal weight. The ultrasound criteria for suspecting macrosomia are an estimated fetal weight above the 95th percentile (90th percentile in cases of maternal diabetes) according to WHO curves. In these cases, induction is offered between 38 and 39 weeks of amenorrhea, if the cervix is favorable. A cesarean section is offered to the patient if the estimated fetal weight is greater than 5000 g in the absence of diabetes and greater than 4500 g in cases of associated diabetes.

Nevertheless, the probability of a child being born macrosomic after ultrasound suspicion is between 17% and 80% on average, and 53% in our center. Although beneficial in the context of macrosomia, the effects of induced labor or cesarean delivery are not insignificant for the mother and her baby. In this context, the value of this study is to demonstrate that performing an ultrasound as close to the birth as possible could allow for a more reliable estimation of fetal weight and better detection of macrosomia in order to avoid unnecessary procedures.

The investigators hypothesize that fetal weight estimation is more accurate when performed within 24 hours prior to delivery. When the assessment is conducted earlier, it inherently assumes a constant fetal growth rate until birth, which may not reflect actual growth patterns. A more precise estimation of birth weight could improve clinical decision-making and optimize maternal and neonatal care, potentially reducing unnecessary interventions such as labor induction or cesarean delivery.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Fetal Weight; Macrosomia
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 12 weeks of amenorrhea; Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 22 weeks of amenorrhea; Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 32 weeks of amenorrhea; Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia before birth

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 285
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Marilyne Grinand, PhD; Phone Number: (+33)432759392; Email: grinand.marilyne@ch-avignon.fr

Study Locations

• France
  • Avignon, France, 84000
    • Centre Hospitalier d'Avignon, Hôpital Henri Duffaut
    • Contact: Marilyne Grinand, PhD; Phone Number: (+33)0432759392; Email: grinand.marilyne@ch-avignon.fr
    • Principal Investigator: Jean-Yves Col, MD
    • Sub-Investigator: Sonia Rasolofomanana, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years old.
• Patient with suspected fetal macrosomia above the 95th percentile, or above the 90th percentile in the case of maternal diabetes, according to Hadlock's formula and WHO charts, during the third-trimester ultrasound (between 32 and 34 weeks of amenorrhea).
• Female patient presenting for a follow-up ultrasound at 36 ± 1 weeks of amenorrhea due to suspected macrosomia.
• Singleton pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Fetal weight estimation at 36 ± 1 weeks of amenorrhea and macrosomia assessment performed outside of the hospital.
• Patient with uncertain gestational age.
• Patient with a multiple pregnancy
• Presence of detectable morphological or chromosomal abnormalities.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Group 1; Macrosomia confirmed by ultrasound at 36 weeks	Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 12 weeks of amenorrhea; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 12 weeks of amenorrhea (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts); Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 22 weeks of amenorrhea; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 22 weeks of amenorrhea (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts); Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 32 weeks of amenorrhea; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 32 weeks of amenorrhea (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts); Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia before birth; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia within 24 hours ± 6 hours, prior to birth (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts)
Other: Group 2; Macrosomia not confirmed by ultrasound	Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 12 weeks of amenorrhea; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 12 weeks of amenorrhea (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts); Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 22 weeks of amenorrhea; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 22 weeks of amenorrhea (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts); Diagnostic test: Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 32 weeks of amenorrhea; Ultrasound estimation of fetal macrosomia at 32 weeks of amenorrhea (estimated weight according to the Hadlock formula and WHO growth charts)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Frequency of fetal macrosomia	Frequency will be expressed as numbers and percentages	24 hours before birth

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assess the diagnostic performance of the different ultrasound examinations for the detection of fetal macrosomia at birth.	By analyzing true-positive, false-positive, true-negative, and false-negative rates in a 2x2 contigency table	At birth

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Henri Duffaut - Avignon

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): March 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): March 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): September 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 19, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 19, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): February 25, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 4, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 2, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ultrasound; Macrosomia; Fetal weight
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Body Weight; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms; Fetal Weight
• Other Study ID Numbers: ECHO-MACRO

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No