Effects of PRF and i-PRF on Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (PRF-NSPT)

April 10, 2026 updated by: IREM OZCEYLAN, Ondokuz Mayıs University

The Effects of Adjunctive PRF and i-PRF Applications on GCF Levels of IL-1ß, TNF-α, IL-6, OPG and RANKL in Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if adding platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF), obtained from the participant's own blood, to standard non-surgical periodontal treatment helps improve gum health in individuals with periodontitis. It will also assess how these applications affect inflammation and bone-related markers in the gum fluid. The main questions it aims to answer are :

  • Does the application of PRF or i-PRF improve clinical periodontal healing compared to standard treatment alone?
  • Do these applications influence the levels of inflammatory and bone metabolism-related biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid? Researchers will compare patients receiving PRF or i-PRF in addition to standard periodontal treatment with those receiving standard treatment alone. In addition, the findings obtained from individuals with periodontal disease will be compared with data from periodontally healthy individuals.

Participants will:

  • Receive standard periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing)
  • Receive PRF or i-PRF depending on their assigned group
  • Visit the clinic before treatment and at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment for checkups

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

his study was designed as a randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the adjunctive effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in individuals with periodontitis undergoing non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).

A total of 56 participants were included in the study, comprising 42 systemically healthy patients diagnosed with periodontitis and 14 systemically and periodontally healthy individuals serving as controls. Periodontitis patients were randomly allocated into three treatment groups using a sealed-envelope method: NSPT alone (scaling and root planing, SRP), NSPT with adjunctive PRF application, and NSPT with adjunctive i-PRF application.

PRF and i-PRF were prepared from autologous venous blood obtained from the participants and were applied locally into periodontal pockets immediately following SRP.

Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded at baseline and at the 2nd, 4th, and 6th weeks following treatment. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected at baseline and at the 2nd and 6th weeks. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6) and bone metabolism-related biomarkers (OPG and RANKL) in GCF were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

The findings of this study provided insight into the potential clinical and biochemical benefits of PRF and i-PRF as adjunctive approaches in NSPT and allowed comparison with periodontally healthy conditions.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

56

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey (Türkiye)
    • Atakum
      • Samsun, Atakum, Turkey (Türkiye), 55200
        • Ondokuz Mayıs University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Voluntary consent to participate in the study
  • Individuals aged 18 years or older
  • Systemically healthy individuals
  • Abstaining from the use of any drugs for any purpose
  • No periodontal treatment history in the past six months
  • Individuals who do not smoke

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Absence of willingness to engage in the studies
  • Individuals under the age of 18
  • Existence of any systemic disease influencing periodontal condition and consistent medication usage
  • Administration of local or systemic antibiotics within the preceding six months
  • Chronicle of periodontal therapy during the past six months
  • History of any periodontal surgical intervention within the past 12 months
  • Pregnancy or lactation in female subjects
  • Teeth with endodontic lesion or mobility degrees 2 and 3

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)
Participants received non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), including full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). No adjunctive biomaterial was applied.
Procedure: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) consisted of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), including the removal of supra- and subgingival deposits using ultrasonic devices and hand instruments.
Experimental: NSPT + PRF
Participants received non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), including full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). Following NSPT, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was applied into periodontal pockets.
Procedure: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) consisted of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), including the removal of supra- and subgingival deposits using ultrasonic devices and hand instruments.
Biological: Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF)
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) was prepared from autologous venous blood by centrifugation at 2700 rpm for 12 minutes, processed into a membrane, adapted to the size of the periodontal pocket, and placed into the periodontal pocket using hand instruments.
Experimental: NSPT + i-PRF
Participants received non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), including full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP). Following NSPT, injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was applied into periodontal pockets.
Procedure: Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)
Non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) consisted of full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), including the removal of supra- and subgingival deposits using ultrasonic devices and hand instruments.
Biological: Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF)
Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) was prepared from autologous venous blood by low-speed centrifugation at 700 rpm for 3 minutes and injected into periodontal pockets.
No Intervention: Healthy control
Periodontally and systemically healthy participants were included as controls. No periodontal treatment was performed. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected, and oral hygiene instructions were provided

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in probing depth (PD)
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in probing depth (PD) measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth using a periodontal probe, comparing baseline values with follow-up measurements.
Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in clinical attachment level (CAL)
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in clinical attachment level (CAL) measured in millimeters at six sites per tooth using a periodontal probe, comparing baseline and follow-up measurements.
Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in plaque index (PI)
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in plaque index (PI) scores assessed at baseline and during follow-up visits.
Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival index (GI)
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival index (GI) scores evaluated at baseline and follow-up visits.
Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in bleeding on probing (BoP)
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in bleeding on probing (BoP) assessed at six sites per tooth at baseline and follow-up visits.
Baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-1β levels
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid measured using ELISA.
Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) TNF-α levels
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in TNF-α levels in gingival crevicular fluid measured using ELISA.
Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-6 levels
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in IL-6 levels in gingival crevicular fluid measured using ELISA.
Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) OPG levels
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in OPG levels in gingival crevicular fluid measured using ELISA.
Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) RANKL levels
Time Frame: Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks
Change in RANKL levels in gingival crevicular fluid measured using ELISA.
Baseline, 2 weeks, and 6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Ondokuz Mayıs University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

April 20, 2024

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 5, 2025

Study Completion (Actual)

December 25, 2025

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 6, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 6, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 13, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 15, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 10, 2026

Last Verified

April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • OMU-KAEK- 2023/344
  • BAP04-B-2024-5249 (Other Identifier: Ondokuz Mayıs University)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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