Gait Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Using Functional Electrical Stimulation and Visual Feedback (BrainSTEP)

April 16, 2026 updated by: g.tec medical engineering GmbH

A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of Gait Rehabilitation in Stroke Patients Using Functional Electrical Stimulation and Visual Feedback

recoveriX PRO system is a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) device that combines Motor Imagination (MI), with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Virtual Reality (VR) as feedback devices. The user wears an electroencephalography (EEG) cap that registers the neural activity during the mental practice. This system allows the user to control the feedback devices (FES +VR) with the MI.

The goal of this clinical trial is to know the safety and clinical effectiveness of recoveriX-based treatment for improving gait functions in stroke patients. Researchers will compare the functional results obtained by recoveriX system, to the standard treatment based in FES + VR + MI without monitoring the EEG activity.

The questions to answer are:

  1. Will stroke patients who undergo recoveriX therapy significantly improve their gait ability?
  2. Is the functional improvement (gait speed) achieved with the BCI treatment superior to the standard MI+FES+VR treatment?
  3. Is the recoveriX-based therapy as safe as the standard treatment?

Participants will have to perform a complete assessment to evaluate their functionality before and after the intervention (motor skills, walking ability, impact of the disease in daily living activities).

Patients in the BCI group will receive 25 sessions (3 sessions per week) of BCI training with FES and VR feedback (24 sessions in total).

Patients in the control group will receive 25 sessions (3 sessions per week) of FES + VR therapy. Patients in the control group will receive the same instructions as the experimental but will not wear the EEG cap.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

30

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Austria
    • Upper Austria
      • Schiedlberg, Upper Austria, Austria, 4521
        • g.tec medical engineering GmbH

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 6-months or more post stroke
  • With a restriction of the lower extremities preventing the persons from activities of daily life
  • Participants must be German speaking.
  • Demonstrate intact cognition to provide informed consent and follow instructions.
  • Be able to perform TUG and 10MWT (3 times).

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Debilitating conditions or vision impairment that would impede full participation in the study.
  • Other neurological conditions affecting the motor system or the compliance to the therapy (for example Polyneuropathy or Musculoskeletal Diseases).
  • Uncontrolled epilepsy or seizures
  • Significant circulatory disturbances of the stimulated extremities
  • Inability to independently maintain the seated position (without assistance) for about 60 minutes.
  • Pregnant
  • Active or passive implanted medical devices such as pacemakers which do not allow the use of FES.
  • Implanted metallic fragments in the upper and lower extremities which can limit the use of FES.
  • Under the influence of anesthesia or similar medication.
  • With fractures or lesions in the extremity to be stimulated.
  • Inadequate control of a BCI system.
  • Sensory disorders which can significantly affect the patient's ability to feel pain and to react to unsuitable proprioceptive stimuli.
  • Botulinum toxin treatment of his/her paretic lower limb during this study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: BCI
Patients in the BCI group will receive 25 sessions (3 times per week) of BCI training with FES and VR feedback.
Device: recoveriX
The intervention utilizes the recoveriX PRO system. This is a neurofeedback therapy device that combines Brain-Computer Interface based motor imagery, functional electrical stimulation (FES), and virtual reality (VR). This approach enables participants to engage in motor imagery exercises while receiving real-time feedback based on neural signals. Participants will complete a total of 25 recoveriX sessions, scheduled at 3 sessions per week, with each session lasting 1 hour.
Other Names:
  • Brain-Computer Interface with FES and VR
Sham Comparator: Control
Patients in the control group receive 25 sessions (3 times per week) of FES and VR therapy. Patients in the control group will receive the same instructions as the experimental but will not wear the EEG cap.
Device: Control
The participants will train the Motor Imagination (MI) combined with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Virtual Reality (VR) feedback. Feedback provided to the patients will not be linked to the neural signals. The amount of stimulation delivered by the feedback devices (FES and VR) will be similar to the experimental group.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
10 Meter Walk Test
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

The 10MWT assesses walking speed in meters per second over a short distance and is one of the most used to evaluate functional mobility, gait, and balance for lower limb therapy. This is a metric and continuous variable. The 10MWT is used for clinical purposes and in research. It supports the assessment of the degree of damage and describes the recovery of lower extremity after a stroke.

Individuals walk 10 meters without assistance and the time is measured for the intermediate 6 meters to allow for acceleration and deceleration. Assistive devices can be used but should be kept consistent and documented from test to test. If physical assistance is required to walk, the 10MWT should not be performed.

Patients will receive the following instructions: "Walk as fast as you can safely walk and stop when you reach the far mark."
From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Timed Up and Go test
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
This test assesses the time that patient needs to get out of chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back 3 meters, and sit down again. The increase in TUG score is consistent with the symptomatology of stroke manifested as muscle weakness and spasticity. Muscle weakness and spasticity are characterized by difficulty in generating appropriately timed and sufficient muscle force to accomplish a given functional task, which could explain the lengthened time score of TUG in subjects with stroke. This is a metric and continuous variable.
From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks
Modified Ashworth Scale
Time Frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

The MAS assesses the spasticity in patients after the CNS damages. This is an ordinal scale with 6 levels. Score criteria:

  • 0 - No increase in muscle tone.
  • 1 - Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch and release or by minimal resistance at the end of the range of motion when the affected part(s) is moved in flexion or extension.
  • 1+ - Slight increase in muscle tone, manifested by a catch, followed by minimal resistance throughout the remainder (less than half) of the range of motion (ROM).
  • 2 - More marked increase in muscle tone through most of the ROM but affected part(s) easily moved.
  • 3 - Considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult.
  • 4 - Affected part(s) rigid in flexion or extension. The test should not be performed more than three times for each joint (knee and ankle); If it would be done more than three times, the short-term effect of a stretch could influence the score.
From enrollment to the end of treatment at 8 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

g.tec medical engineering GmbH

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

June 3, 2025

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 2, 2026

Study Completion (Actual)

April 2, 2026

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 7, 2026

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 16, 2026

First Posted (Actual)

April 17, 2026

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 17, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 16, 2026

Last Verified

April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 1300/2024
  • 104215020 (Other Identifier: Austrian Federal Office for Safety in Health Care)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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