Balance & Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Adults

Is There a Relationship Between Balance and Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals?

The study aims to examine the acute effects of balance exercises on balance performance in healthy individuals. It will be conducted with healthy males and females aged 18-25.

The research is an experimental study with a single-blind pre-test/post-test design. Initially, participants' balance will be assessed using the Single Leg Stance Test. Then, a short balance exercise program lasting 8-10 minutes will be applied. Exercises include single-leg stance, eyes-closed balance, and unstable surface training. After the exercise, the same test will be repeated to evaluate changes. Perceived exertion will be measured using the Modified Borg Scale.

The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS software. The results are expected to contribute to improving balance, performance, and reducing injury risk.

Study Overview

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Conditions: Balance Disorders
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Assessment of the Relationship Between Respiratory Muscle Strength and Balance

Detailed Description

This study aims to investigate the relationship between balance performance and respiratory muscle strength in healthy individuals. The study will be conducted on healthy adults aged 18-30 years. Participants will be informed about the study procedures and will provide written informed consent prior to participation. Demographic data including age, height, weight, and physical activity level will be recorded. Respiratory function will be assessed using spirometry, and respiratory muscle strength will be measured using maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP). Dyspnea level will be evaluated using the Modified Borg Scale. Vital parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation will be measured before and after assessments. Balance performance will be evaluated using the Y-Balance Test in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral). Additionally, core muscle endurance will be assessed using plank, side bridge, and sit-up tests. All measurements will be completed in a single session following a standardized protocol. The collected data will be statistically analyzed to determine the relationship between balance and respiratory muscle strength.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 32

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Esra Pehlivan; Phone Number: +90 216 777 96 00; Email: esra.pehlivan@sbu.edu.tr
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Abolfazl Jalali; Phone Number: +90 216 777 96 00; Email: iamabolfazljalali@gmail.com

Study Locations

• Turkey (Türkiye)
  • Üsküdar
    • Istanbul, Üsküdar, Turkey (Türkiye), 34668
      • Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi
      • Contact: Esra Pehlivan; Phone Number: 02164189616; Email: fztesrakambur@yahoo.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Healthy University Students

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy individuals
• Aged between 18-30 years
• Voluntary participation

Exclusion Criteria:

• Respiratory system disease
• History of neurological disorders
• Cardiovascular disease
• Recent respiratory infection (last 3 months)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Low Functional Capacity Group; Participants classified as having low functional capacity according to the predefined functional capacity assessment criteria will undergo evaluation of balance performance, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, vital signs, and core endurance in a single-session assessment.	Other: Assessment of the Relationship Between Respiratory Muscle Strength and Balance; This observational study evaluates the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and balance in healthy individuals using spirometry, MIP/MEP, core endurance tests, and the Y Balance Test.
Moderate Functional Capacity Group; Participants classified as having moderate functional capacity according to the predefined functional capacity assessment criteria will undergo evaluation of balance performance, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, vital signs, and core endurance in a single-session assessment.	Other: Assessment of the Relationship Between Respiratory Muscle Strength and Balance; This observational study evaluates the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and balance in healthy individuals using spirometry, MIP/MEP, core endurance tests, and the Y Balance Test.
High Functional Capacity Group; Participants classified as having high functional capacity according to the predefined functional capacity assessment criteria will undergo evaluation of balance performance, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, vital signs, and core endurance in a single-session assessment.	Other: Assessment of the Relationship Between Respiratory Muscle Strength and Balance; This observational study evaluates the relationship between respiratory muscle strength and balance in healthy individuals using spirometry, MIP/MEP, core endurance tests, and the Y Balance Test.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Y-Balance Test Performance	Measured using the Y-Balance Test (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral directions) Y Balance Test It is a simple and effective test used to evaluate dynamic balance. The participant is asked to stand on one leg and reach as far as possible in three directions (anterior, posterolateral, and posteromedial) with the non-stance leg. The test is performed in the following order: anterior right, anterior left, posteromedial right, posteromedial left, posterolateral right, and posterolateral left.	Single assesment at baseline
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure	Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) is a measure of the strength of the inspiratory muscles and represents the negative pressure generated when an individual inhales as forcefully as possible after a full exhalation.	Single assesment at baseline
Maximum expiratory pressure	Measures the strength of expiratory muscles and is the positive pressure generated during forceful exhalation after a deep breath. It is assessed using a mouth pressure meter (MPM) in a seated position with a nose clip, taking the best of at least three trials.	Single assesment at baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The plank test	The plank test evaluates the endurance of deep core muscles (transversus abdominis, multifidus); the individual maintains a prone position supported on the elbows and toes, keeping the body in a straight line, and the duration the position can be held is recorded.	Single assesment at baseline
Dyspnea Level	Measured using Modified Borg Scale It is a scale commonly used to assess the severity of exertional and resting dyspnea. It consists of ten levels that define the intensity of dyspnea. The clear description of dyspnea severity in the Modified Borg Scale makes it easier to use for patients.	Single assesment at baseline
The lateral bridge (side bridge) test	Lateral Bridge Test measures the endurance of the oblique and lateral trunk stabilizer muscles; the individual lifts the body in a side-lying position supported on the elbow and the side of the foot, keeping it in a straight line, and the duration the position can be maintained is recorded.	Single assesment at baseline
The sit-up test	The sit-up test evaluates the endurance of the abdominal flexor muscles; the individual lies supine with knees bent, lifts the trunk to a sitting position, and performance is measured by the number of repetitions or within a set time.	Single assesment at baseline
Heart Rate	Heart rate is the number of beats per minute, normally 60-100 at rest in adults. It will be measured using a pulse oximeter.	Single assesment at baseline
Blood pressure	Blood pressure is the force exerted by blood on arterial walls, with a normal value of 120/80 mmHg. It will be measured using an Omron RS1 wrist blood pressure monitor. The systolic and diastolic pressures will be assessed.	Single assesment at baseline
Oxygen Saturation	SaO₂ represents the oxygen level in the blood, normally 95-100% in healthy individuals. It will be measured using a pulse oximeter. All parameters will be assessed before and after the tests.	Single assesment at baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): May 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 13, 2026
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 13, 2026
• First Posted (Actual): April 21, 2026

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 27, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 22, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Balance&Respiratory Muscles_1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No