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Mechanisms of Antidepressant Non-Response in Late-Life Depression

30. Juni 2020 aktualisiert von: Bret Rutherford, New York State Psychiatric Institute
This project seeks to elucidate the mechanisms by which antidepressant medications have limited efficacy in Late Life Depression (LLD) in order to develop new treatment interventions for this prevalent and disabling illness. Investigators hypothesize that the presence of executive dysfunction (ED),which is common in depressed adults over 60, impairs the ability to form appropriate expectancies of improvement with antidepressant treatment. Greater expectancy has been shown to improve antidepressant treatment outcome and is hypothesized to be a primary mechanism of placebo effects. Moreover, white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more prevalent in patients with LLD compared to healthy controls. It has been argued that WMH contribute to the pathogenesis of LLD with ED and decrease the efficacy of antidepressant medications by disrupting connections between prefrontal cortical (PFC) and subcortical structures. Vascular lesions to white matter tracts may also compromise the pathway by which expectancy-based placebo effects influence depressive symptoms. Expectancies reflect activation in PFC areas that may improve depressive symptoms by modulating the activity of subcortical regions subserving negative affective systems (i.e., amygdala) as well as those important in reward and hedonic capacity (nucleus accumbens and ventral striatum). Thus, LLD patients with ED and WMH may sustain a "double-hit" to their ability to experience placebo effects in antidepressant treatments: ED diminishes the ability to generate appropriate treatment expectancies, while WMH disrupt the physiologic pathways by which expectancies lead to improvement in depressive symptoms.

Studienübersicht

Status

Abgeschlossen

Bedingungen

Intervention / Behandlung

Detaillierte Beschreibung

To determine whether decreased antidepressant medication response in LLD patients with ED and WMH is caused by a loss of expectancy effects, Investigators will evaluate 130 outpatients with LLD at baseline to determine their degree of ED (interference score on Stroop Color-Word Test), WMH burden (severity score on Fazekas modified Coffey Rating Scale derived from anatomical MRI), and white matter tract integrity (using diffusion tensor imaging [DTI]). Building on work from the investigators K23 Award, the investigator will manipulate participants' expectancy of improvement in an 8-week duration antidepressant trial by randomizing patients between open administration of escitalopram (i.e., high expectancy) and placebo-controlled administration of escitalopram (i.e., low expectancy). The difference in antidepressant response observed between open and placebo-controlled medication treatment is a measure of the expectancy contribution to outcome, which is substantial in younger depressed adults but investigators hypothesize this will be diminished in LLD patients with ED and WMH.

Studientyp

Interventionell

Einschreibung (Tatsächlich)

138

Phase

  • Unzutreffend

Kontakte und Standorte

Dieser Abschnitt enthält die Kontaktdaten derjenigen, die die Studie durchführen, und Informationen darüber, wo diese Studie durchgeführt wird.

Studienorte

  • Vereinigte Staaten
    • New York
      • New York, New York, Vereinigte Staaten, 10032
        • New York State Psychiatric Institute

Teilnahmekriterien

Forscher suchen nach Personen, die einer bestimmten Beschreibung entsprechen, die als Auswahlkriterien bezeichnet werden. Einige Beispiele für diese Kriterien sind der allgemeine Gesundheitszustand einer Person oder frühere Behandlungen.

Zulassungskriterien

Studienberechtigtes Alter

60 Jahre bis 90 Jahre (Erwachsene, Älterer Erwachsener)

Akzeptiert gesunde Freiwillige

Nein

Studienberechtigte Geschlechter

Alle

Beschreibung

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Men and women aged 60-90 years
  • Diagnosis with nonpsychotic Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) IV MDD
  • 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score ≥ 16
  • Willing to and capable of providing informed consent and complying with study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current comorbid Axis I DSM IV disorder other than Nicotine Dependence, Adjustment Disorder, or Anxiety Disorder
  • diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence (excluding Nicotine Dependence) within the past 12 months
  • History of psychosis, psychotic disorder, mania, or bipolar disorder
  • Diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular Dementia, or Parkinson's Disease
  • MMSE < 24
  • HRSD suicide item > 2 or Clinical Global Impressions (CGI)-Severity score of 7 at baseline
  • history of allergic or adverse reaction to escitalopram, or non-response to adequate trial of escitalopram (at least 4 weeks at dose of 20mg) during the current episode
  • current treatment with psychotherapy, antidepressants, antipsychotics, or mood stabilizers
  • having contraindication to MRI scanning (such as metal in body) or unable to tolerate the scanning procedures (i.e., severe obesity, claustrophobia)
  • acute, severe, or unstable medical or neurological illness

Studienplan

Dieser Abschnitt enthält Einzelheiten zum Studienplan, einschließlich des Studiendesigns und der Messung der Studieninhalte.

Wie ist die Studie aufgebaut?

Designdetails

  • Hauptzweck: Behandlung
  • Zuteilung: Zufällig
  • Interventionsmodell: Parallele Zuordnung
  • Maskierung: Vervierfachen

Waffen und Interventionen

Teilnehmergruppe / Arm
Intervention / Behandlung
Placebo-Komparator: Double Blind-Placebo
Blinded treatment with placebo, one pill a day. If after the 4 weeks, the patient has not remitted, they will be increased to 2 pills a day.
Arzneimittel: Placebo oral tablet
Inert substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value but resemble the active medication in this study
Andere Namen:
  • Placebo
Aktiver Komparator: Double Blind-Escitalopram
Blinded treatment with either escitalopram 10mg, increased to escitalopram 20mg at week 4 if depression has not remitted.
Arzneimittel: Escitalopram
Escitalopram is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is FDA approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults and children over 12 years of age.
Andere Namen:
  • Lexapro
Aktiver Komparator: Open Treatment with Escitalopram
Open treatment with 10mg of escitalopram, increased to 20mg if depression has not remitted at week 4.
Arzneimittel: Escitalopram
Escitalopram is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is FDA approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in adults and children over 12 years of age.
Andere Namen:
  • Lexapro

Was misst die Studie?

Primäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD)
Zeitfenster: Grundlinie
Unser Ziel ist die depressive Symptomatik gemessen an der Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). Die HRSD ist ein 24-Punkte-Fragebogen, der als Hinweis auf Depressionen und als Leitfaden zur Bewertung der Genesung verwendet wird. Die Gesamtpunktzahl reicht von 0-74, ohne die Unterskala für atypische Symptome. Ein Wert von 16 oder mehr wird typischerweise als Hinweis auf das Vorhandensein depressiver Symptome angesehen. Höhere Werte weisen auf einen größeren Schweregrad hin.
Grundlinie

Sekundäre Ergebnismessungen

Ergebnis Maßnahme
Maßnahmenbeschreibung
Zeitfenster
Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD)
Zeitfenster: Week 8
Our target is depressive symptomatology as measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD). The HRSD is a 24-item questionnaire used as an indication of depression and a guide to evaluate recovery. Total scores range from 0-74, not including atypical symptoms sub-scale. A score of 16 or above is typically considered to indicate the presence of depressive symptoms. Higher scores indicate greater severity.
Week 8
Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR)
Zeitfenster: Baseline
QIDS-SR is a 16 item scale self-report form that was used to measure depression outcomes. This self-report is valuable in this study, because it is less susceptible to clinician and rater bias. The QIDS-SR has been increasingly used in antidepressant studies due to its equivalent weightings for each symptom item, clearly understandable anchor points, and inclusion of all DSM criteria for depression. The scores range from 0-27 with 27 being worse depressive symptoms.
Baseline
Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS-SR)
Zeitfenster: Week 8
QIDS-SR is a 16 item scale self-report form that was used to measure depression outcomes. This self-report is valuable in this study, because it is less susceptible to clinician and rater bias. The QIDS-SR has been increasingly used in antidepressant studies due to its equivalent weightings for each symptom item, clearly understandable anchor points, and inclusion of all DSM criteria for depression. The scores range from 0-27 with 27 being worse depressive symptoms.
Week 8
Credibility and Expectancy Scale-Better (CES)
Zeitfenster: Pre-Baseline
CES is an 8 item scale in which subjects rate their impression of the credibility of the treatment and how they estimate their expectation of improvement. The CES is the most widely used measure of expectancy and has demonstrated good psychometric properties in multiple studies. Question 2 ('Better') asks the patient the chances of their depression being completely better at the end of this study, from 1 = very poor to 7 = very good. The higher the number, the higher the expectancy that they will be better.
Pre-Baseline
Credibility and Expectancy Scale-Better (CES)
Zeitfenster: Week 0
CES is an 8 item scale in which subjects rate their impression of the credibility of the treatment and how they estimate their expectation of improvement. The CES is the most widely used measure of expectancy and has demonstrated good psychometric properties in multiple studies. Question 2 ('Better') asks the patient the chances of their depression being completely better at the end of this study, from 1 = very poor to 7 = very good. The higher the number, the higher the expectancy that they will be better.
Week 0
Credibility and Expectancy Scale-Depression
Zeitfenster: Pre-baseline
CES is an 8 item scale in which subjects rate their impression of the credibility of the treatment and how they estimate their expectation of improvement. The CES is the most widely used measure of expectancy and has demonstrated good psychometric properties in multiple studies. CES question 3 ('Depression') asks how the patient's depression will be at the end of the study, compared with now, from 1 = much worse to 7= much better. The higher the number, the higher the expectancy that their depression will be much better.
Pre-baseline
Credibility and Expectancy Scale-Depression
Zeitfenster: Week 0
CES is an 8 item scale in which subjects rate their impression of the credibility of the treatment and how they estimate their expectation of improvement. The CES is the most widely used measure of expectancy and has demonstrated good psychometric properties in multiple studies. CES question 3 ('Depression') asks how the patient's depression will be at the end of the study, compared with now, from 1 = much worse to 7= much better. The higher the number, the higher the expectancy that their depression will be much better.
Week 0
Quick Inventory of Depression Scale (QIDS-SR): Expectancy
Zeitfenster: Pre-Baseline
This 16-items assessment is used to rate the 9 criterion symptom domains of a major depressive episode: 4 items are used to rate sleep disturbance (early, middle, and late insomnia plus hypersomnia); 2 items are used to rate psychomotor disturbance (agitation and retardation); 4 items are used to rate appetite/weight disturbance (appetite increase or decrease and weight increase or decrease). Only 1 item is used to rate the remaining 6 domains (depressed mood, decreased interest, decreased energy, worthlessness/guilt, concentration/decision making, and suicidal ideation). Each item is rated 0-3. For symptom domains that require more than 1 item, the highest score of the item relevant for each domain is taken. The total score ranges from 0-27. A lower rating indicates higher expectancy of improvement and lower expectation of depressive symptomatology, and a higher rating indicates lower expectancy of improvement, higher expectation of depression.
Pre-Baseline
Quick Inventory of Depression Scale (QIDS-SR): Expectancy
Zeitfenster: Week 0
This 16-items assessment is used to rate the 9 criterion symptom domains of a major depressive episode: 4 items are used to rate sleep disturbance (early, middle, and late insomnia plus hypersomnia); 2 items are used to rate psychomotor disturbance (agitation and retardation); 4 items are used to rate appetite/weight disturbance (appetite increase or decrease and weight increase or decrease). Only 1 item is used to rate the remaining 6 domains (depressed mood, decreased interest, decreased energy, worthlessness/guilt, concentration/decision making, and suicidal ideation). Each item is rated 0-3. For symptom domains that require more than 1 item, the highest score of the item relevant for each domain is taken. The total score ranges from 0-27. A lower rating indicates higher expectancy of improvement and lower expectation of depressive symptomatology, and a higher rating indicates lower expectancy of improvement, higher expectation of depression.
Week 0
Executive Dysfunction: Stroop Color Word
Zeitfenster: Pre-Baseline
Stroop Color Word test asks patients to name the color of a word rather than reading the word. Stroop Color Word is how many colors they can name in 45 sec (higher is better, e.g., less executive dysfunction).
Pre-Baseline
Executive Dysfunction: Stroop Interference
Zeitfenster: Pre-Baseline
The Stroop is a measure of inhibition under distracting conditions that is sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. in Stroop Color Word test patients are to name the color of a word rather than reading the word. Stroop Color Word is how many colors they can name in 45 sec (higher is better, e.g., less executive dysfunction). Stroop Interference is this score adjusted for age and education.
Pre-Baseline
White Matter Hyperintensity (WMH) Outcome- Total WMH
Zeitfenster: Pre-Baseline
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Brain was acquired. We rated the severity of WMH on axial T2 FLAIR images using the Fazekas modified Coffey Rating Scale. Deep WMH are scored as 0 (absent), 1 (punctate foci), 2 (beginning confluence of foci), and 3 (large confluent areas); subcortical gray matter HIs (basal ganglia) are scored as 0 (absent), 1 (punctate), 2 (multipunctate), and 3 (diffuse); periventricular HIs are scored as 0 (absent), 1 (caps), 2 (smooth halo), and 3 (irregular and extending into the deep white matter). Our primary measure of WMH burden will be DWMH score, which has been used to establish the only empirically validated diagnostic criteria for vascular depression, where scores of 0-1 were normal, but 2-3 indicated WHM.
Pre-Baseline

Mitarbeiter und Ermittler

Hier finden Sie Personen und Organisationen, die an dieser Studie beteiligt sind.

Sponsor

New York State Psychiatric Institute

Publikationen und hilfreiche Links

Die Bereitstellung dieser Publikationen erfolgt freiwillig durch die für die Eingabe von Informationen über die Studie verantwortliche Person. Diese können sich auf alles beziehen, was mit dem Studium zu tun hat.

Allgemeine Veröffentlichungen

Nützliche Links

Studienaufzeichnungsdaten

Diese Daten verfolgen den Fortschritt der Übermittlung von Studienaufzeichnungen und zusammenfassenden Ergebnissen an ClinicalTrials.gov. Studienaufzeichnungen und gemeldete Ergebnisse werden von der National Library of Medicine (NLM) überprüft, um sicherzustellen, dass sie bestimmten Qualitätskontrollstandards entsprechen, bevor sie auf der öffentlichen Website veröffentlicht werden.

Haupttermine studieren

Studienbeginn (Tatsächlich)

19. Februar 2014

Primärer Abschluss (Tatsächlich)

17. Januar 2019

Studienabschluss (Tatsächlich)

17. Januar 2020

Studienanmeldedaten

Zuerst eingereicht

26. August 2013

Zuerst eingereicht, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt hat

26. August 2013

Zuerst gepostet (Schätzen)

29. August 2013

Studienaufzeichnungsaktualisierungen

Letztes Update gepostet (Tatsächlich)

2. Juli 2020

Letztes eingereichtes Update, das die QC-Kriterien erfüllt

30. Juni 2020

Zuletzt verifiziert

1. Juni 2020

Mehr Informationen

Begriffe im Zusammenhang mit dieser Studie

Zusätzliche relevante MeSH-Bedingungen

Andere Studien-ID-Nummern

  • 6836 (Sponsor ref)

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