Recovery Kinetics Following Eccentric Exercise
Recovery Kinetics Following Three Exercise-induced Muscle Damage Protocols in Adult Males
Descripción general del estudio
Estado
Condiciones
Intervención / Tratamiento
Descripción detallada
It is known that eccentric exercise induces muscle microtrauma. Also, eccentric type of exercise are associated with inflammatory response. The leukocytes and the immune cells during the phagocytosis process alter the redox status causing secondary muscle damage to the muscle tissue and also increase oxidative stress concentration. Despite of the existence of studies that examine the muscle damage indicators, inflammatory response, performance and neuromuscular fatigue and oxidative stress concentrations after eccentric exercise, however no studies are detected in order to compare the differences among three eccentric protocols. The eccentric protocols will be differentiated in training volume and specifically in the eccentric repetitions in isokinetic dynamometer. Specifically, a randomized, fourth-trial, cross-over, repeated measures design will be applied. Healthy male adults (age 18-30 years) will participate in the present study. Also, it is considered necessary that the participants will not suffer from any musculoskeletal injuries that will limit their ability to perform the exercise protocols. Also the participants will not be smokers and will not consume alcohol and nutritional supplements.
In the first phase all participants will sign an informed consent form after they will be informed about all benefits and risks of this study and they will sign a recent historical of musculoskeletal injury or illness form. Subsequently, fasting blood samples will be collected by venipuncture using a disposable needle (20-gauge) in order to measure muscle damage markers (CK), inflammation markers (WBC) and oxidative stress markers (TBARS, PC, GSH, ΤΑC, CAT, UA). After, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs, body weight (BW), height and body composition (DXA method) will be measured in the lab. Completing the first phase, participants will be instructed by a dietitian how to record a 5 days diet recalls estimating the energy intake during the trials will be the same. The knee range of motion (KJRM) will be determined by the use of a goniometer, 24 hours after (second phase). The counter movement jump (CMJ) will be evaluated on a force platform using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg. During the CMJ will be measured the jump height (cm), the ground reaction force (N), the peak and mean power (W/kg), the vertical stiffness (Kvert, N/m/kg) and the peak rate of force development (RFD, N/s), while at the same time will be evaluated the change in peak and mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles. Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system. The peak eccentric and concentric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°/sec. Also, the isometric peak torque of the knee extensors will be evaluated at 65° in both limbs. Finally, Open-circuit spirometry will be utilized for assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) using an automated online pulmonary gas exchange system via breath-by-breath analysis during a graded exercise testing on a treadmill.
96 hours after, the participants are going to perform one of the three eccentric protocols randomly, on an isokinetic dynamometer. The eccentric protocol will be performed on a different limb for each trial. The ECC 75 trial will include 75 eccentric maximum repetitions (5 sets, 15 reps/set and recovery period: 30sec.) at 60°/sec. The ECC 150 trial will include 150 eccentric maximum repetitions (10 sets, 15 reps/set and recovery period: 30sec.) at 60°/sec. The ECC 300 trial will include 300 eccentric maximum repetitions (20 sets, 15 reps/set and recovery period: 30sec.) at 60°/sec. The DOMS indicator in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs and the KJRM will be evaluated immediately after each protocol. Also, the (CMJ) will be evaluated on a force platform using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the data for each leg. During the CMJ will be measured the jump height (cm), the ground reaction force (N), the peak and mean power (W/kg), the vertical stiffness (Kvert, N/m/kg) and the peak rate of force development (RFD, N/s), while at the same time will be evaluated the change in peak and mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump, for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles. Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system. In addition, the peak eccentric and concentric isokinetic torque of the knee flexors and extensors, in both limbs will be evaluated on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60o/sec. Also, the isometric peak torque of the knee extensors will be evaluated at 65o in both limbs. All the above markers will be evaluated 24, 48 and 192 hours post eccentric protocol, however at these time points, fasting blood samples (20ml) will be collected in order to estimate hematological and biochemical indicators. Α 2 - week washout period will be adapted among trials. After, the participants will perform the process until they complete the trials.
Tipo de estudio
Inscripción (Actual)
Fase
- No aplica
Contactos y Ubicaciones
Ubicaciones de estudio
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Tríkala, Grecia, 42100
- University o Thessaly, School of Physical Education and Sports Science
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Criterios de participación
Criterio de elegibilidad
Edades elegibles para estudiar
Acepta Voluntarios Saludables
Géneros elegibles para el estudio
Descripción
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged between 18 and 30 years
- Body Mass Index between 18.5-24.9 kg/m*m
- Free of chronic diseases
- Free of musculoskeletal injury
- participants should be non-smokers
Exclusion Criteria:
- Musculoskeletal injury
- Chronic disease
- Use of alcohol, caffeine and any type of nutritional supplements or medication before (≥ 6 months) and throughout the study.
Plan de estudios
¿Cómo está diseñado el estudio?
Detalles de diseño
- Propósito principal: Ciencia básica
- Asignación: Aleatorizado
- Modelo Intervencionista: Asignación cruzada
- Enmascaramiento: Ninguno (etiqueta abierta)
Armas e Intervenciones
Grupo de participantes/brazo |
Intervención / Tratamiento |
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Sin intervención: Control
Los participantes en este brazo no recibirán ninguna intervención.
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Experimental: Eccentric 75
Participants in this arm will perform an eccentric exercise protocol consisted of 75 eccentric repetetions on an isokinetic dynamometer.
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An acute bout of eccentric exercise will be performed on an isokinetic dynamometer, including 5 sets of 15 repetitions, with 30 sec rest intervals,at 60 degrees/sec.
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Experimental: Eccentric 150
Participants in this arm will perform an eccentric exercise protocol consisted of 150 eccentric repetetions on an isokinetic dynamometer.
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An acute bout of eccentric exercise will be performed on an isokinetic dynamometer, including 10 sets of 15 repetitions, with 30 sec rest intervals,at 60 degrees/sec.
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Experimental: Eccentric 300
Participants in this arm will perform an eccentric exercise protocol consisted of 300 eccentric repetetions on an isokinetic dynamometer.
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An acute bout of eccentric exercise will be performed on an isokinetic dynamometer, including 20 sets of 15 repetitions, with 30 sec rest intervals,at 60 degrees/sec.
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¿Qué mide el estudio?
Medidas de resultado primarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
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Change in white blood cell count
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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White blood cell count will be measured using an automatic blood analyzer
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in catalase activity
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Concentration of catalase will be measured in red blood cells
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in uric acid in plasma
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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concentration of uric acid will be measured in plasma
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in protein carbonyls in blood
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Concentration of protein carbonyls will be measured in red blood cells
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in total antioxidant capacity
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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total antioxidant capacity will be measured in serum
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in reduced glutathione in blood
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Concentration of oxidized glutathione will be measured in red blood cells
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Thiobarbituric acid will be measured in plasma
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in Creatine kinase in blood
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Creatine kinase will be measured in plasma
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At baseline, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in countermovement jump height
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Countermovement jump height will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height data for each leg.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in ground reaction force (GRF) during countermovement jump test
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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The ground reaction force will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the GRF data for each leg.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in peak power during countermovement jump test
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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The peak power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the peak power data for each leg.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in mean power during countermovement jump test
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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The mean power will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the mean power data for each leg.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in vertical stifness during countermovement jump test
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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The vertical stiffness will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of vertical stifness data for each leg.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in peak rate of force develpemnt during countermovement jump test
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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The Peak rate of force development will be measured using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the Peak RFD data for each leg.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in peak normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in mean normalized EMG during the eccentric and concentric phases of the counter movement jump
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Electromyography data will be collected wirelessly at 2.000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Schwarzenberg, Switzerland) for the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis muscles.
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in knee range of motion
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Knee range of motion will be measured by goniometer
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At baseline, at 1 hour and 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in eccentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Eccentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
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At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in concentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Concentric isokinetic knee extensors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
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At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in eccentric isokinetic knee flexors peak torque
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Eccentric isokinetic knee flexors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
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At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in concentric isokinetic knee flexors peak torque
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Concentric Iisokinetic knee flexors peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
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At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in isometric peak torque
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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The isometric peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dyanmometer
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At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in fatigue index of isometric torque during 10 second
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Fatigue rate during MVIC will be estimated through the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-secong maximal isometric contraction.
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At baseline, 1hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) in the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE) of both limbs
Periodo de tiempo: At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Muscle soreness (KF and KE) will be assessed during palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region
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At baseline, 1 hour, at 24, 48 and 192 hours following the eccentric exercise protocol.
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Medidas de resultado secundarias
Medida de resultado |
Medida Descripción |
Periodo de tiempo |
|---|---|---|
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Peso corporal
Periodo de tiempo: En la línea de base
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El peso corporal se medirá en una balanza de viga con estadiómetro.
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En la línea de base
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Peso corporal
Periodo de tiempo: En la línea de base
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La altura del cuerpo se medirá en una balanza de viga con estadiómetro
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En la línea de base
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Grasa corporal
Periodo de tiempo: En la línea de base
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La grasa corporal se medirá mediante absorciometría de rayos X de doble emisión.
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En la línea de base
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Dietary intake
Periodo de tiempo: Over a 5 -day period at baseline
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Dietary intake will be assessed using 5 -day diet recalls
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Over a 5 -day period at baseline
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Consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max)
Periodo de tiempo: En la línea de base
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El consumo máximo de oxígeno se medirá mediante espirometría de circuito abierto mediante el método respiración a respiración.
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En la línea de base
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Colaboradores e Investigadores
Patrocinador
Fechas de registro del estudio
Fechas importantes del estudio
Inicio del estudio (Actual)
Finalización primaria (Actual)
Finalización del estudio (Actual)
Fechas de registro del estudio
Enviado por primera vez
Primero enviado que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Publicado por primera vez (Actual)
Actualizaciones de registros de estudio
Última actualización publicada (Actual)
Última actualización enviada que cumplió con los criterios de control de calidad
Última verificación
Más información
Términos relacionados con este estudio
Palabras clave
Otros números de identificación del estudio
- Recovery-Eccentrics-UTH
Información sobre medicamentos y dispositivos, documentos del estudio
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