Programma di Intervento per l'Esposizione al Piombo (LEIP)

Caregivers of children with elevated blood lead levels will be provided with immediate messages about lead risk mitigation in the clinic setting. They will receive follow-up at 3 months and 9 months and will complete recall, behavior, and recheck questionnaires and their children will have BLL rechecks.

For children with BLL < 5 ug/dL, the result will be provided to the caregiver, together with standard post-test messaging on reducing lead exposure. A job-aid, such as a poster, showing common sources of lead exposure in children, and important sources of iron rich foods will be used to guide messaging. For BLLs ≥ 5, tailored messaging on potential sources identified on the risk factor survey will be provided.

A random sample of caregivers will complete an in-depth interview to gather barriers, understandability, and acceptability of the lead risk reduction messages received.

Caregivers of children with elevated blood lead levels will be provided with immediate messages about lead risk mitigation in the clinic setting. They will also receive a home observation visit and have those risk reduction methods reiterated and tailored to their home situation. They will receive follow-up at 3 months and 9 months and will complete recall, behavior, and recheck questionnaires and their children will have BLL rechecks.

For children with BLL < 5 ug/dL, the result will be provided to the caregiver, together with standard post-test messaging on reducing lead exposure. A job-aid, such as a poster, showing common sources of lead exposure in children, and important sources of iron rich foods will be used to guide messaging. For BLLs ≥ 5, tailored messaging on potential sources identified on the risk factor survey will be provided.

A random sample of caregivers will complete an in-depth interview to gather barriers, understandability, and acceptability of the lead risk reduction messages received.

The home visit will be conducted within 2 weeks of initial screening. During the home visit, the lead exposure risk survey will be re-administered, for comparison to in-clinic self-report survey responses. In addition, an observational checklist of potential lead exposure risk factors will be conducted to identify and discuss residential features and items in the home environment that may be influencing their BLL. Tailored messages on lead exposure risk reduction will be provided.

A random sample of caregivers will complete an in-depth interview to gather barriers, understandability, and acceptability of the lead risk reduction messages received.

Lead risk surveys will be completed by participants during the clinic visit and at 3 and 9 months post home visit. Qualitative analysis of the lead risk survey will summarize themes on understandability and acceptability of survey items and messages. The rapid analysis will also explore facilitators and barriers to uptake of recommended exposure reduction measures, and individual level determinants associated with uptake (e.g., empowerment, self-efficacy).

Assess the proportion of caregivers self-reporting uptake of at least one of their risk reduction recommendations within arms and by BLL.

Using risk survey responses and self-reported changes in risk reduction behavior, we will compare the participants of both arms to assess for differences.

Return for a re-check visit is an indicator of caregiver awareness of importance of reducing lead exposure. We will summarize the proportions of caregivers returning for each BLL re-check visit for each arm.

Change in BLL at re-checks. We do not anticipate observing a significant reduction in child BLL, given that caregivers might not have the ability to identify and/or modify a lead risk exposure.