Reproductive Endocrinology Oxford Study (RepOx) (RepOx)

Inclusion Criteria:

• ● General Criteria for all groups

  • Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.

  • Female, aged between 16 and 45 years of age. As IVF is not undertaken in women less that 18 years, this group will between 18 and 45 years o

    ● PCOS (Group 1, 2 and 3)

  • Currently under investigation for or having diagnosis of PCOS having displayed one or more of the following: Hyperandrogenism, Ovulation Dysfunction and Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound (known as the Rotterdam criteria)

    ● PCOS Controls (Group 4 and 5)

  • Patients under gynaecological investigation or having assisted reproduction

  • Exhibit no features of PCOS

    ● Miscarriage Group (Group 6)

  • Have had at least two previous miscarriages

  • Recruited at any time after their second menstrual cycle following a miscarriage

    ● Miscarriage Controls (Group 7)

  • Patients will have had zero or no more than one miscarriage and having fertility investigations.

    ● Pregnant GDM (Group 8)

  • Pregnant women at least 28 weeks gestation with :
  • 1) A fasting plasma glucose of 5.1mmol/L or above or
  • 2) A 1 hr plasma glucose of 10mmol/L or

  • 3) A 2-hr plasma glucose level of 8.5mmol/L or above

    ● Pregnant ICP (Group 9)

  • Women at least 28 weeks gestation with :
  • Raised ALT or raised bile acids in the context of pruritus with no rash
  • ALT (>32iu/l) and bile acids (>14micromol/l) Pregnant Control (Group 10)
  • Pregnant women at least 28 weeks gestation with no diagnosis of GDM or ICP

Exclusion Criteria:

• For all groups - The participant may not enter the study if ANY of the following apply.

  • Unable to read, or to understand written or spoken English
  • Currently involved in any Clinical Trial of an Investigational Medicinal Product (CTIMP)
  • Undergoing surgery because of a possible cancer diagnosis
  • Diagnosis of other androgen excess disorders such as Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), Androgen Secreting tumours, Cushing syndrome, or Hyperprolactinemia