The Impact of Professional Coaching on Early Career Academic Emergency Physicians

January 4, 2021 updated by: Richard C Winters, Mayo Clinic

The Impact of Professional Coaching on Early Career Academic Emergency Physician Well-Being, Burnout, Leadership Strengths, and Goal Attainment: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial

This research study is designed to answer the question: How does professional coaching impact early career academic emergency medicine physician goal attainment, leadership strengths, well-being, and burnout?

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

A recent systematic review and meta-analysis found coaching to have significant positive effects on goal attainment, well-being, coping skills, work attitudes, and goal-directed self-regulation. Randomized controlled studies of professional coaching have found significant positive effects in various settings including high school teachers and students, postgraduate students in a major university, and executives in the commercial, government, and education sectors.

Coaching provides the participant focused time with a trained professional who facilitates that participant's self-determined and self-directed problem-solving and change. Coaching helps the participant "get on the balcony" away from the action on the "dance floor" to see things from a different and broader perspective and, in doing so, enriches the participant's ability to generate options, challenge biases, understand the effects of emotions, and consider uncertainty.

This study also establishes the level of adult development of academic faculty and creates an initial qualitative dataset for further longitudinal study and theory generation for physician well-being, burnout, leadership strengths, and goal attainment.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
46

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
        • Mayo Clinic in Rochester

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion:

  • Emergency physicians
  • Academic appointment of Instructor or Assistant Professor
  • Work greater than 80% of their time in a residency and fellowship program approved by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the American Osteopathic Association (AOA), or the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada (RCPSC) will be invited to participate in the study.

Exclusion:

  • Mayo Clinic emergency physicians are not eligible for this study.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: One-to-One Coaching

Participants randomized to One-to-One Coaching meet for an initial 2-hour coaching session, followed by seven 1-hour coaching sessions every 3-weeks. These eight sessions take place over the course of 6 months.

Additional requirements for One-to-One Coaching:

  • Complete a 30-minute online assessment of goal attainment, well-being, burnout, and leadership strengths (a) at study enrollment, (b) at 6-months after study enrollment, and (c) 12-months following study enrollment.
  • Complete a 15-minute VIA Character Strengths Test online prior to One-to-One Coaching.
  • Following the completion of the final coaching session, participants are interviewed by a con-investigator by phone call to assess the experience of coaching.

Each coaching session will be recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed to identify common themes.
Behavioral: Professional coaching
Professional coaching is provided by the Principal Investigator via video conference.
Other Names:
  • Coaching
Active Comparator: Group Coaching

Participants meet for 90-minutes each month for 6 months for facilitated professional coaching with a group of colleagues.

Additional requirements:

  • Complete a 30-minute online assessment of goal attainment, well-being, burnout, and leadership strengths (a) at study enrollment, (b) at 6-months after study enrollment, and (c) 12-months following study enrollment.
  • Complete a 15-minute VIA Character Strengths Test online prior to Group Coaching.
  • Prior to your initial group coaching session, participate in a 75-minute private phone interview with the primary investigator to discuss the how you make decisions and make sense of the world.
  • Following the completion of the final coaching session, participants are interviewed by a con-investigator by phone call to assess the experience of coaching.

Each coaching session will be recorded, transcribed, anonymized, and analyzed to identify common themes.
Behavioral: Professional coaching
Professional coaching is provided by the Principal Investigator via video conference.
Other Names:
  • Coaching
No Intervention: Group Coaching Waitlist

Participants are offered group coaching at the completion of the 12-month study period. Six 90-minute group coaching sessions will occur over the course of six months.

Additional requirements:

• Complete a 30-minute online assessment of goal attainment, well-being, burnout, and leadership strengths (a) at study enrollment (b) and at 6-months after study enrollment.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Goal Setting and Attainment
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Each participant identifies two professional goals at study onset. For each of the goals, participants respond to the question, "Up to today, how successful have you been in achieving this goal?" and rate their goal attainment on a scale from 0% (no attainment) to 100% (complete attainment). To control for differences between participants in perceived goal attainment difficulty, participants also will rate each goal for perceived difficulty on a 4-point scale ( 1=very easy, 2=somewhat easy, 3=somewhat difficult, 4=very difficult). Goal attainment scores are calculated by multiplying the difficulty rating by the degree of success.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Psychological Well-Being Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
An 18-item survey that measures eudaemonic well-being.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Empowerment at Work Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
A 12-item survey that measures a physician's sense of meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact while at work.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Abbreviated Two-Item Maslach Burnout Inventory
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
A two-item survey that measures participant burnout.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21)
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
A 21-item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of the core symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in both clinical and nonclinical scenarios.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
A 5-item scale of leadership self-efficacy.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Self-Insight Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
An 8-item sub-scale of the Self-reflection and Insight Scale. This scale measures individuals' levels of insight into their thoughts, feelings and behaviors.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Solution-Focused Thinking Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
A 12-item scale with three subscales: Problem Disengagement, Goal Orientation, and Resource Activation.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
An eight-item assessment that measures tolerance for ambiguity.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Perspective Taking Scale
Time Frame: 18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
A 7-item subscale of The Empathy Questionnaire that measures perspective-taking.
18 months (3 measurements at 6-month intervals)
Qualitative Summary of Coaching Program
Time Frame: After 6-month coaching intervention. 18 months
An open-ended interview covering issues such as 1) participant's experience with the coaching process and coach; 2) participant goals; 3) impact on the participant's workplace; 4) impact on participant's personal life; and 5) what the participant plans to do to sustain any changes or learnings.
After 6-month coaching intervention. 18 months
Subject-Object Interview
Time Frame: 18 months
A one-time 60 to 75-minute private interview that measures the particpant's order of subject-object development based upon constructive-developmental theory.
18 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
Mayo Clinic

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Principal Investigator: Richard C Winters, Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
June 1, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
March 5, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
March 5, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
April 12, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
April 19, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
April 24, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
January 6, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
January 4, 2021

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • 16-010192

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

IPD Plan Description

We may make anonymized individual participant data (IPD) available to other researchers. It may be available after the completion of the trial to those who contact the PI directly.

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Conditions

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Dietary Supplements

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