Pamidronate to Treat Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Children

A Trial of Pamidronate in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta

This study will evaluate the effect of pamidronate a drug that decreases bone resorption (breakdown) on osteogenesis imperfecta. This is a genetic disorder of collagen, the major protein in bone. The abnormal collagen causes weak bones, and children with severe osteogenesis imperfecta sustain many fractures throughout their lives. They also have growth deficiency, curvature of the spine, crumbling teeth, hearing loss, easy bruising and heart and lung problems. The study will compare bone density, quality and strength, final adult height, trunk height, and functional ability in children who receive 1) pamidronate every 3 months, 2) pamidronate every 3 months + growth hormone injections, 3) pamidronate every 6 months, or 4) pamidronate every 6 months + growth hormone injections.

Children 2 years of age and older with severe osteogenesis imperfecta (types III and IV) may be eligible for this study. Those enrolled will be randomly assigned to groups according to age; children two to four years of age will be randomly assigned to receive pamidronate every 3 or every 6 months. Children four years of age and older may participate in the growth hormone treatment groups. These children will continue on growth hormone until they reach their adult height or fail to grow as much as would be expected for someone on growth hormone.

Patients will be followed in the clinic every 3 months for a history, physical examination, X-rays, blood tests, and measurements (weight, head circumference, and bone lengths). Children will receive a 3 to 4 hour infusion of pamidronate through an intravenous catheter (thin flexible tube placed in a vein) once a day for 3 days each visit. (Once inserted, the catheter is left in place to avoid multiple needle sticks for administering the drug and collecting blood samples.) Children who are taking growth hormone will be given the drug at the first treatment visit. At that time, the accompanying parent will be instructed on how to mix the drug and give injections. The child receives an injection 6 days a week (Sunday off).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Osteogenesis Imperfecta
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Pamidronate (Aredia)

Detailed Description

Osteogenesis imperfecta is an inherited disorder of connective tissue in which affected individuals synthesize abnormal type I collagen. This results in the formation of abnormal bone matrix and a predisposition to bony fractures. Many unsuccessful attempts have been made to increase the bone mineral density of these individuals in the hope that this will improve the strength of their bones and result in a decreased fracture rate.

Bisphosphonates are synthetic analogs of pyrophosphate which have an affinity for hydroxyapatite. These drugs act primarily on osteoclasts, impairing the development of immature osteoclasts and the function of mature osteoclasts, as well as depressing chemical signaling to adjacent cells, resulting in a shift in the balance of deposition and resorption in bone. Conditions for which bisphosphonates are being used in children include four broad categories, 1) a primary defect in bone mineralization 2) bone matrix abnormalities 3) bone abnormalities due to systemic disease or the effects of treatment of systemic disease or 4) significant soft tissue calcification with no bone abnormality.

Pamidronate, an aminobisphosphonate, is a potent inhibitor of bone resorption. The purpose of this protocol is to evaluate the effectiveness of pamidronate in children with types III and IV osteogenesis imperfecta when the cycle time is varied. We plan to compare children treated with pamidronate on an every-three-month infusion cycle to children treated every six months with the same dose per infusion. We also plan to continue to compare children treated with pamidronate and growth hormone to children treated with pamidronate alone.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 34
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Maryland
    • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
      • National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: No older than 14 years (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Children enrolled in this study will be limited to those with Sillence types III and IV OI, as determined by clinical and genetic criteria.

Most of the children who will be included in this study are already enrolled in the protocols Evaluation and Intervention for Ambulation, Growth, and Basilar Invagination in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (97-CH-0064) and Growth Hormone Therapy in Osteogenesis Imperfecta (92-CH-0034).

Screening of candidates will be based on telephone interviews with a parent, and referral records to include: AP and lateral radiographs of the lower extremities and spine, and family, developmental, fracture and medical history. An NIH clinical screening evaluation will be performed for those children who appear to have a history consistent with OI under protocol 04-CH-0077, Screening of and Diagnosis of Patients with Connective Tissue Disorder . Patients admitted for this screening visit who are less than four years of age as well as those older than 4 years of age but not meeting the criteria for inclusion in the growth hormone protocol, protocol 92-CH-0034, will be considered for enrollment in protocol 97-CH-0064 (Evaluation and Intervention for Ambulation, Growth and Basilar Invagination in OI), those older than four years who meet the criteria will be considered for co-enrollment in protocol 92-CH-0034.

The inclusion criteria for protocol 92-CH-0034 are as follows: patients must have a clinical/biochemical diagnosis of osteogenesis imperfecta types III or IV, height less than third percentile for age, and radiological evidence that long bone epiphyses have not yet fused.

Patients are excluded from protocol 92-CH-0034 if they have scoliosis of greater than 40 degrees unless scoliosis has been stable over the past two years, or evidence of severe basilar invagination.

Patients with previous exposure to bisphosphonates in outside trials will be considered for participation in this trial.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Inability to comply with the visit schedule, maintenance of the physical therapy program, and ability to administer and comply with GH injections are central to our analysis of the outcomes of this study. Failure to comply with these conditions will constitute exclusion criteria.

Pregnancy.

Patients that have had or will have surgery to place instrumentation in the spine (i.e. result of spine fusion).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Pamidronate every 3 months for 3 years; Subjects who received Pamidronate every 3 months for 3 years.	Drug: Pamidronate (Aredia); Patients receive a dose of 1mg/kg/cycle (3-day infusion = 1 cycle)
Active Comparator: Pamidronate every 6 months for 3 years; Subjects who received Pamidronate every 6 months for 3 years.	Drug: Pamidronate (Aredia); Patients receive a dose of 1mg/kg/cycle (3-day infusion = 1 cycle)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Bone Mineral Density in Response to Pamidronate	Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were obtained using a Hologic QDR 4500 densitometer and low density software package. Measurements have a precision of 0.011 SD. Raw measurements were converted to Z-scores for analysis using the manufacturer's reference standards for age and pubertal status.	Baseline vs. 12 months after first dose
Change in Bone Mineral Density in Response to Pamidronate	Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were obtained using a Hologic QDR 4500 densitometer and low density software package. Measurements have a precision of 0.011 SD. Raw measurements were converted to Z-scores for analysis using the manufacturer's reference standards for age and pubertal status.	Baseline vs. 18 months after first dose
Change in Bone Mineral Density in Response to Pamidronate	Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were obtained using a Hologic QDR 4500 densitometer and low density software package. Measurements have a precision of 0.011 SD. Raw measurements were converted to Z-scores for analysis using the manufacturer's reference standards for age and pubertal status.	Baseline vs. 24 months after first dose
Change in Bone Mineral Density in Response to Pamidronate	Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were obtained using a Hologic QDR 4500 densitometer and low density software package. Measurements have a precision of 0.011 SD. Raw measurements were converted to Z-scores for analysis using the manufacturer's reference standards for age and pubertal status.	Baseline vs. 30 months after first dose
Change in Bone Mineral Density in Response to Pamidronate	Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were obtained using a Hologic QDR 4500 densitometer and low density software package. Measurements have a precision of 0.011 SD. Raw measurements were converted to Z-scores for analysis using the manufacturer's reference standards for age and pubertal status.	Baseline vs. 36 months after first dose
Change in Bone Mineral Density in Response to Pamidronate	Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) measurements were obtained using a Hologic QDR 4500 densitometer and low density software package. Measurements have a precision of 0.011 SD. Raw measurements were converted to Z-scores for analysis using the manufacturer's reference standards for age and pubertal status.	Baseline vs. 6 months after first dose

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
• Collaborators: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Joan C Marini, M.D., Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Prockop DJ, Kivirikko KI. Heritable diseases of collagen. N Engl J Med. 1984 Aug 9;311(6):376-86. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198408093110606. No abstract available.
• Marini JC. Osteogenesis imperfecta: comprehensive management. Adv Pediatr. 1988;35:391-426. No abstract available.
• Marini JC, Bordenick S, Heavner G, Rose S, Chrousos GP. Evaluation of growth hormone axis and responsiveness to growth stimulation of short children with osteogenesis imperfecta. Am J Med Genet. 1993 Jan 15;45(2):261-4. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.1320450223.

Helpful Links

• NIH Clinical Center Detailed Web Page

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: June 1, 2000
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 1, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 6, 2000
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 6, 2000
• First Posted (Estimate): June 7, 2000

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 1, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 1, 2016
• Last Verified: February 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Growth Hormone; Bisphosphonates; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Bone Density
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Connective Tissue Diseases; Bone Diseases; Bone Diseases, Developmental; Osteochondrodysplasias; Collagen Diseases; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Pamidronate
• Other Study ID Numbers: 000136; 00-CH-0136 (Other Identifier: NIH NICHD IRB)