Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Levodopa-Responsive Parkinson's Subjects

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability Study of Levodopa - Carbidopa Intestinal Gel in Levodopa-Responsive Parkinson's Subjects Receiving Optimized Treatments With Parkinson Medicinal Products Who Continue to Experience Persistent Motor Fluctuations

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the superiority of levodopa - carbidopa intestinal gel over treatment with optimized oral levodopa/carbidopa during 12 weeks.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Advanced Parkinson's Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebo Gel; Device: CADD-Legacy® 1400 ambulatory infusion pump; Device: PEG tube; Device: J-tube; Drug: Levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG); Drug: Placebo (PBO) oral capsules; Drug: Levodopa-carbidopa (LC) oral encapsulated immediate release (IR) tablets

Detailed Description

Study S187.3.001 (NCT00357994) and Study S187.3.002 (NCT00660387) were 2 identically designed, Phase 3, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, multicenter studies recruiting subjects from distinct sites. These studies evaluated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG) in the treatment of levodopa-responsive subjects with advanced PD who had persistent severe motor fluctuations, despite optimized treatment with oral levodopa-carbidopa, concomitant with other available antiparkinsonian medications. Participants were randomized to either LCIG active gel + placebo capsules or levodopa-carbidopa immediate release (IR) active capsules + placebo gel. Both treatment arms received the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) procedure for gel administration, active LCIG or placebo gel. Data from these 2 studies were combined for analysis. The decision to combine the study data for analysis was made before enrollment was completed for both studies.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 35
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• New Zealand
  • Auckland, New Zealand, 1010
    • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45904
  • Christchurch, New Zealand, 8011
    • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45902
  • Hamilton, New Zealand, 3204
    • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45905
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35222
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45931
  • California
    • Fountain Valley, California, United States, 92708
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45910
    • Oceanside, California, United States, 92056
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45925
  • Florida
    • Port Charlotte, Florida, United States, 33890
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45912
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45935
  • Kentucky
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45930
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45934
  • North Carolina
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27157
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45929
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45267
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45908
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195-0001
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45922
  • Washington
    • Kirkland, Washington, United States, 98034
      • Site Reference ID/Investigator# 45915

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) according to United Kingdom Parkinson's Disease Society (UKPDS) Brain Bank Criteria
• Levodopa-responsive participants who demonstrate some identifiable 'on response,' established by Investigator observation
• Demonstrate severe motor fluctuations in spite of individually optimized treatment and where therapy options are indicated

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis is unclear or a suspicion of other parkinsonian syndromes exists such as secondary parkinsonism
• Undergone surgery for the treatment of PD
• Contraindications to levodopa
• Subjects with any neurological deficit that may interfere with the study assessments

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Levodopa-Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG) + Placebo Capsules; Participants were randomized to LCIG (levodopa, 20 mg/mL and carbidopa monohydrate, 5 mg/mL) and placebo capsules. Participants received the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) procedure for gel administration of LCIG.	Device: CADD-Legacy® 1400 ambulatory infusion pump; Device: PEG tube; percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube; Device: J-tube; jejunal tube; Drug: Levodopa carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG); infusion should be kept within a range of 0.5-10 mL/hour (10-200 mg levodopa/hour) and is usually 2-6 mL/hour (40-120 mg levodopa/hour); Drug: Placebo (PBO) oral capsules
Active Comparator: Placebo Gel + Levodopa-Carbidopa Capsules; Participants were randomized to placebo intestinal gel and oral levodopa-carbidopa (levodopa, 100 mg and carbidopa, 25 mg) Immediate Release (IR) capsules. Participants received the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy with jejunal extension (PEG-J) procedure for gel administration of placebo.	Drug: Placebo Gel; Device: CADD-Legacy® 1400 ambulatory infusion pump; Device: PEG tube; percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube; Device: J-tube; jejunal tube; Drug: Levodopa-carbidopa (LC) oral encapsulated immediate release (IR) tablets

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Average Daily Normalized "Off" Time	Based on the Parkinson's Disease Symptom Diary. "On" time is when PD symptoms are well controlled by the drug. "Off" time is when PD symptoms are not adequately controlled by the drug. The diary is completed every 30 minutes for the full 24 hours of each of 3 days prior to selected clinic visits. It reflects both time awake and time asleep. Daily totals are normalized to a 16-hour scale (i.e. 16 hours of awake time). The normalized totals for the 3 days prior to the visit are averaged for the analysis. Negative change from baseline for "off" time indicates improvement.	Baseline, Week 12

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in Average Daily Normalized "On" Time Without Troublesome Dyskinesia at Week 12	Based on the Parkinson's Disease Symptom Diary. "On" time is when PD symptoms are well controlled by the drug. "Off" time is when PD symptoms are not adequately controlled by the drug. "On" time without troublesome dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movement) is defined as "On" time without dyskinesia and "On" time with non-troublesome dyskinesia. The diary is completed every 30 minutes for the full 24 hours of each of 3 days prior to selected clinic visits. It reflects both time awake and time asleep. Daily totals are normalized to a 16-hour scale (i.e. 16 hours of awake time). The normalized totals for the 3 days prior to the visit are averaged for the analysis. Positive change from Baseline for "on" time without troublesome dyskinesia indicates improvement.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Summary Index at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. These include: mobility, activities of daily living, emotional well-being, stigma, social support, cognition, communication, and bodily discomfort. The PDQ-39 Summary Index is the sum of all answers divided by the highest score possible (i.e. number of answers multiplied by 4) which is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a 0-100 scale. Higher scores are associated with more severe symptoms.	Baseline, Week 12
Clinical Global Impression - Status (CGI-S) Score at Baseline and Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I) Score at Week 12	The CGI-S is a global assessment by the Investigator of current symptomatology and impact of illness on functioning. The ratings of the CGI-S are as follows: 1 = normal, 2 = borderline ill, 3 = mildly ill, 4 = moderately ill, 5 = markedly ill, 6 = severely ill, and 7 = among the most extremely ill. The CGI-I is a global assessment by the Investigator of the change in clinical status since the start of treatment. The CGI-I ratings are as follows: 1 = very much improved, 2 = much improved, 3 = minimally improved, 4 = no change, 5 = minimally worse, 6 = much worse, 7 = very much worse.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part II Score at Week 12	The UPDRS is an Investigator-used rating tool to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. The Part II score is the sum of the answers to the 13 questions that comprise Part II, each of which are measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). The Part II score ranges from 0-52 and higher scores are associated with more disability.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in UPDRS Part III Score at Week 12	The UPDRS is an Investigator-used rating tool to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. The Part III score is the sum of the 27 answers provided to the 14 Part III questions, each of which are measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). The Part III score ranges from 0-108 and higher scores are associated with more disability.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in EuroQual Quality of Life - 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) Summary Index at Week 12	The EQ-5D is a participant answered questionnaire scoring 5 dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. EQ-5D health states, defined by the EQ-5D descriptive system, are converted into a single summary index by applying a formula that essentially attaches values (also called QOL weights or QOL utilities) to each of the levels in each dimension. EQ-5D Summary Index values range from -0.11 to 1.00 with positive change indicating improvement.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) Total Score at Week 12	The ZBI is a 22-item questionnaire regarding the caregiver/subject relationship and evaluates the caregiver's health condition, psychological well-being, finances and social life. Each question is answered on a 5-point scale (0=Never, 1=Rarely, 2=Sometimes, 3=Quite frequently, and 4= Nearly always). The caregiver burden is evaluated by the total score (Range 0 to 88) obtained from the sum of the answers to the 22 questions. Higher scores are associated with a higher level of burden for the caregiver.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Average Daily Normalized "On" Time With Troublesome Dyskinesia at Week 12	Based on the Parkinson's Disease Symptom Diary. "On" time is when PD symptoms are well controlled by the drug. "Off" time is when PD symptoms are not adequately controlled by the drug. The diary is completed every 30 minutes for the full 24 hours of each of 3 days prior to selected clinic visits. It reflects both time awake and time asleep. Daily totals are normalized to a 16-hour scale (i.e. 16 hours of awake time). The normalized totals for the 3 days prior to the visit are averaged for the analysis.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Mobility Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Mobility (e.g., fear of falling when walking) includes 10 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Activities of Daily Living Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Activities of Daily Living (e.g., difficulty cutting food) includes 6 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Emotional Well-Being Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Emotional Well-being (e.g., feelings of isolation) includes 6 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Stigma Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Stigma (e.g., social embarrassment) consists of 4 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Social Support Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Social Support includes 3 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Cognition Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Cognition includes 4 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Communication Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Communication includes 3 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) Bodily Discomfort Domain Score at Week 12	The PDQ-39 is a self-administered questionnaire which comprises 39 items addressing 8 domains of health in Parkinson's disease patients. The PDQ-39 Domain: Bodily Discomfort includes 3 questions, each answered on a 5-point scale. The domain scores are calculated by first summing the answers to the questions in the domain. The sum is divided by the highest score possible (i.e., number of answers multiplied by 4) and the quotient is multiplied by 100 to put the score on a scale from 0 to 100, where lower scores indicate a better perceived health status. Higher scores are consistently associated with the more severe symptoms of the disease such as tremor and stiffness.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part I Score at Week 12	The UPDRS is an Investigator-used rating tool to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. The Part I Score is the sum of the answers to the 4 questions that comprise Part I, each of which are measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). The Part I score ranges from 0-16 and higher scores are associated with more disability.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part IV Score at Week 12	The UPDRS is an Investigator-used rating tool to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. The Part IV Score is the sum of the answers to the 11 questions that comprise Part IV, each of which are measured on a 5-point scale (0-4) or a 2-point scale (0 or 1). The Part IV score ranges from 0-23 and higher scores are associated with more disability.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part IV Questions 32, 33, and 34 at Week 12	The UPDRS is an Investigator-used rating tool to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. Questions 32, 33, and 34 on UPDRS Part IV was totaled to evaluate dyskinesias. Each of these questions is measured on a 5-point scale (0-4). The Part IV dyskinesia score will range from 0-12 and higher scores are associated with more disability.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Total Score at Week 12	The UPDRS is an Investigator-used rating tool to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease. The total score is the sum of the responses to the 31 questions (44 answers) that comprise Parts I-III of the scale. The total score will range from 0-176, with 176 representing the worst (total) disability, and 0 no disability.	Baseline, Week 12
Change From Baseline in EuroQol Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at Week 12	The EQ VAS records the participant's self-rated health on a scale from 0-100 where 100 is the 'best imaginable health state' and 0 is the 'worst imaginable health state.'	Baseline, Week 12
Employment Impairment (EMP) I Status at Baseline	The EMP instruments are designed to collect information regarding employment and ability to run a household. EMP I questions include: Are you currently in paid employment? (If yes, at which percentage have you been working during the last 4 weeks?); Have you got someone to run your household for you? (If yes, how much time per week does he/she spend in your household?); Are you retired? (If yes, for which reason?).	Baseline
Employment Impairment (EMP) II Status at Week 12	The EMP instruments are designed to collect information regarding employment and ability to run a household. EMP I questions include: Are you currently in paid employment? (If yes, at which percentage have you been working during the last 4 weeks?); Have you got someone to run your household for you? (If yes, how much time per week does he/she spend in your household?); Are you retired? (If yes, for which reason?) The retirement question (from EMP I) is excluded from the EMP II instrument.	Week 12 (or early termination)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)
• Collaborators: Quintiles, Inc.

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Shih TM, Sail KR, Jalundhwala YJ, Sullivan J, van Eijndhoven E, Zadikoff C, Marshall TS, Lakdawalla DN. The effect of functional status impairment on nursing home admission risk among patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. J Med Econ. 2020 Mar;23(3):297-307. doi: 10.1080/13696998.2019.1693383. Epub 2019 Nov 28.
• Lew MF, Slevin JT, Kruger R, Martinez Castrillo JC, Chatamra K, Dubow JS, Robieson WZ, Benesh JA, Fung VS. Initiation and dose optimization for levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel: Insights from phase 3 clinical trials. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2015 Jul;21(7):742-8. doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.04.022. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
• Olanow CW, Kieburtz K, Odin P, Espay AJ, Standaert DG, Fernandez HH, Vanagunas A, Othman AA, Widnell KL, Robieson WZ, Pritchett Y, Chatamra K, Benesh J, Lenz RA, Antonini A; LCIG Horizon Study Group. Continuous intrajejunal infusion of levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: a randomised, controlled, double-blind, double-dummy study. Lancet Neurol. 2014 Feb;13(2):141-9. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70293-X. Epub 2013 Dec 20. Erratum In: Lancet Neurol. 2014 Mar;13(3):240.

Helpful Links

• Related Info

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: December 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 15, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 15, 2008
• First Posted (Estimate): April 17, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 16, 2015
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 12, 2015
• Last Verified: January 1, 2015

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: levodopa; dyskinesia; Carbidopa; levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel; levodopa-carbidopa; Duodopa; Severe Motor Fluctuations; levodopa/carbidopa suspension; DUOPA
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Parkinsonian Disorders; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Movement Disorders; Synucleinopathies; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Immunologic Factors; Dopamine Agonists; Dopamine Agents; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antiparkinson Agents; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors; Levodopa; Carbidopa; Carbidopa, levodopa drug combination
• Other Study ID Numbers: S187.3.002; 2007-003814-32 (EudraCT Number)