An Efficacy and Safety Study of Azilsartan Medoxomil Compared to Valsartan and Olmesartan in Participants With Essential Hypertension.

A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, 5-Arm Titration Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of TAK-491 When Compared With Valsartan and Olmesartan in Subjects With Essential Hypertension

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of azilsartan medoxomil, once daily (QD), compared to placebo, valsartan and olmesartan in participants with essential hypertension.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Hypertension
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Drug: Valsartan; Drug: Olmesartan; Drug: Placebo

Detailed Description

Hypertension affects approximately 50 million individuals in the United States. As the population ages, the prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase if broad and effective preventive measures are not implemented. According to the World Health Organization, hypertension is the most common attributable cause of preventable death in developed nations, as uncontrolled hypertension greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. Despite the availability of antihypertensive treatments, hypertension remains inadequately controlled: only about one-third of patients successfully maintain control.

A major component of blood pressure regulation is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This is a system of hormone-mediated feedback interactions that result in the relaxation or constriction of blood vessels in response to various stimuli. Angiotensin II, a polypeptide hormone, is formed from angiotensin I in a reaction catalyzed by angiotensin-converting enzyme as part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensin II is the principal pressor agent of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and has multiple effects on the cardiovascular system and on electrolyte homeostasis.

TAK-491 (azilsartan medoxomil) is an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist currently being tested as a treatment for essential hypertension.

Study participation is anticipated to be about 10 weeks. Multiple procedures will occur at each visit which may include fasting, blood collection, urine collection, physical examinations, electrocardiograms and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Outside of the study center, participants will be required wear an ambulatory blood pressure monitoring device at 24 hour intervals.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 1291
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Argentina
  • Bahía Blanca, Argentina
  • Berazategui, Argentina
  • Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Corrientes, Argentina
  • Córdoba, Argentina
  • Haedo Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Jujuy, Argentina
  • La Plata, Argentina
  • Ramos Mejía Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • Rosario, Argentina
  • Salta, Argentina
  • San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
  • Córdoba
    • Carlos Paz, Córdoba, Argentina
  • Mendoza
    • Guaymayen, Mendoza, Argentina
• Brazil
  • Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  • Campinas, Brazil
  • Fortaleza, Brazil
  • Goiaenia, Brazil
  • Joildille, Brazil
  • Porto Alegre, Brazil
  • Rio Janeiro, Brazil
  • Sao Paulo, Brazil
  • Sorocava, Brazil
• Mexico
  • Aguascalientes, Mexico
  • Chihuahua, Mexico
  • Mexico City, Mexico
  • Querètaro, Mexico
  • San Luis Potosí, Mexico
  • Baja California
    • Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
  • Guanajuato
    • León, Guanajuato, Mexico
  • Jalapa
    • Guadalajara, Jalapa, Mexico
  • Nuevo Leon
    • Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
  • Veracruz
    • Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
• Peru
  • Arequipa, Peru
  • Cusco, Peru
  • Huaura, Peru
  • Ica, Peru
  • Lima, Peru
  • Trujillo, Peru
• Puerto Rico
  • Aguas Buenas, Puerto Rico
  • Carolina, Puerto Rico
  • Jardines de Loiza, Puerto Rico
  • Orocovis, Puerto Rico
  • Ponce, Puerto Rico
  • San Juan, Puerto Rico
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Alabaster, Alabama, United States
    • Ozark, Alabama, United States
  • Arizona
    • Green Valley, Arizona, United States
    • Litchfield Park, Arizona, United States
    • Mesa, Arizona, United States
    • Tempe, Arizona, United States
  • California
    • Carmichael, California, United States
    • Chula Vista, California, United States
    • Lincoln, California, United States
    • Mission Viejo, California, United States
    • National City, California, United States
    • Pasadena, California, United States
    • Riverside, California, United States
    • Sacramento, California, United States
    • San Diego, California, United States
    • San Dimas, California, United States
    • San Fransisco, California, United States
    • San Ramon, California, United States
    • Santa Ana, California, United States
    • Vista, California, United States
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
    • Denver, Colorado, United States
    • Littleton, Colorado, United States
    • Longmont, Colorado, United States
  • Florida
    • Cape Coral, Florida, United States
    • Clearwater, Florida, United States
    • Largo, Florida, United States
    • Miami, Florida, United States
    • New Port Richey, Florida, United States
    • New Smyrna Beach, Florida, United States
    • Palm Harbor, Florida, United States
    • Tallahassee, Florida, United States
  • Georgia
    • Dunwoody, Georgia, United States
    • Roswell, Georgia, United States
  • Illinois
    • Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States
    • Belleville, Illinois, United States
    • Champaign, Illinois, United States
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States
    • Peoria, Illinois, United States
    • Vernon Hills, Illinois, United States
  • Indiana
    • Evansville, Indiana, United States
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
    • Terre Haute, Indiana, United States
  • Kansas
    • Kansas City, Kansas, United States
    • Overland Park, Kansas, United States
    • Shawnee, Kansas, United States
  • Maine
    • Biddeford, Maine, United States
    • Norwood, Maine, United States
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States
    • Towson, Maryland, United States
  • Minnesota
    • Brooklyn Center, Minnesota, United States
  • Missouri
    • Chesterfield, Missouri, United States
    • Jefferson City, Missouri, United States
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States
    • St Louis, Missouri, United States
  • Montana
    • Billings, Montana, United States
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
  • New Jersey
    • Margate, New Jersey, United States
  • New York
    • Glens Falls, New York, United States
    • Great Neck, New York, United States
    • New Hyde Park, New York, United States
    • New Windsor, New York, United States
    • New York, New York, United States
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
    • Raleigh, North Carolina, United States
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States
  • Oklahoma
    • Norman, Oklahoma, United States
    • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States
    • Yukon, Oklahoma, United States
  • Oregon
    • Ashland, Oregon, United States
    • Eugene, Oregon, United States
    • Medford, Oregon, United States
    • Portland, Oregon, United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Tipton, Pennsylvania, United States
  • South Carolina
    • Charleston, South Carolina, United States
    • Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, United States
    • North Charleston, South Carolina, United States
  • Tennessee
    • Cleveland, Tennessee, United States
  • Texas
    • Bedford, Texas, United States
    • Dallas, Texas, United States
    • Houston, Texas, United States
    • Missouri City, Texas, United States
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States
    • Sugarland, Texas, United States
  • Washington
    • Tacoma, Washington, United States

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Essential hypertension (sitting systolic blood pressure between 150 and 180 mm Hg, inclusive, at Day -1 and 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure between 130 and 170 mm Hg, inclusive, at Day 1).
2. Capable of understanding and complying with protocol requirements.
3. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception, and can neither be pregnant nor lactating from Screening throughout the duration of the study
4. Clinical laboratory evaluations within the reference range for the testing laboratory or the results are deemed not clinically significant for inclusion into this study by the investigator.
5. Willing to discontinue current antihypertensive medications at Screening Day 21 visit. If the participant is on amlodipine prior to Screening, the participant is willing to discontinue this medication at Screening Day -28.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Sitting diastolic blood pressure greater than 114 mm Hg at Day -1 (day prior to Randomization).
2. Baseline 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitor reading of insufficient quality.
3. Taking or expected to take an excluded medication as described in the Excluded Medications.
4. Hypersensitive to angiotensin II receptor blockers.
5. History of myocardial infarction, heart failure, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack.
6. Clinically significant cardiac conduction defects.
7. Hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow obstruction due to aortic valvular disease.
8. Secondary hypertension of any etiology.
9. Noncompliant (less than 70% or greater than 130%) with study medication during run-in period.
10. Moderate to severe renal dysfunction or disease.
11. Known or suspected unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
12. History of drug or alcohol abuse within the past 2 years.
13. Previous history of cancer that has not been in remission for at least 5 years prior to the first dose of study drug. (This criterion does not apply to those participants with basal cell or stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the skin).
14. Type 1 or poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (glycosylate hemoglobin greater than 8.0%) at Screening.
15. Hyperkalemia as defined by the central laboratory normal reference range at Screening.
16. Alanine aminotransferase level of greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal, active liver disease, or jaundice at Screening.
17. Upper arm circumference less than 24 cm or greater than 42 cm.
18. Works night (3rd) shift (defined as 11 PM [2300] to 7 AM [0700]).
19. Unwilling or unable to comply with the protocol or scheduled appointments.
20. Currently is participating in another investigational study or has participated in an investigational study within 30 days prior to Randomization.
21. Any other serious disease or condition at Screening or Randomization that would compromise participant's safety, might affect life expectancy, or make it difficult to successfully manage and follow the subject according to the protocol.
22. Has been randomized in a previous azilsartan medoxomil study.
23. Is required to take or continues taking any disallowed medication, prescription medication, herbal treatment or over-the counter medication that may interfere with evaluation of the study medication.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: QUADRUPLE

Number of Arms

5

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Placebo QD	Drug: Placebo; Matching placebo, orally, once daily for up to six weeks.
EXPERIMENTAL: Azilsartan Medoxomil 40 mg QD	Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Azilsartan medoxomil 20 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator orally once daily for two weeks. Increased to azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg tablets and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for up to four weeks.; Other Names: Edarbi; TAK-491; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for two weeks. Increased to Azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for up to four weeks.; Other Names: Edarbi; TAK-491
EXPERIMENTAL: Azilsartan Medoxomil 80 mg QD	Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Azilsartan medoxomil 20 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator orally once daily for two weeks. Increased to azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg tablets and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for up to four weeks.; Other Names: Edarbi; TAK-491; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil; Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for two weeks. Increased to Azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for up to four weeks.; Other Names: Edarbi; TAK-491
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Valsartan 320 mg QD	Drug: Valsartan; Valsartan 160 mg, tablets, and matching placebo comparator orally, once daily for two weeks. Increased to Valsartan 320 mg, tablets, and matching placebo comparator, orally, once daily for up to four weeks.; Other Names: Diovan®
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Olmesartan 40 mg QD	Drug: Olmesartan; Olmesartan 20 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator, orally, once daily for two weeks. Increased to Olmesartan 40 mg, tablets and matching placebo comparator, orally, once daily for up to four weeks.; Other Names: Benicar®

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in the 24-hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline and Week 6.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in the 24-hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in Daytime (6am to 10 pm) Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in daytime (6am to 10pm) mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in Daytime (6am to 10 pm) Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in daytime (6am to 10pm) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in the Nighttime (12 am to 6 am) Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in nighttime (12am to 6am) mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 12 am and 6 am.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in the Nighttime (12 am to 6 am) Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in nighttime (12am to 6am) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 12 am and 6 am.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in the Trough (22-24-hr) Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in trough mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The trough mean is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in the Trough (22-24-hr) Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in trough mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The trough mean is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline and Week 6.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as < 140 mm Hg and/or Reduction From Baseline ≥ 20 mm Hg	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic systolic blood pressure response measured at week 6, defined as less than 140 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. Systolic blood pressure is the arithmetic mean of the 3 trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline and Week 6.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Diastolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as < 90 mm Hg and/or Reduction From Baseline ≥ 10 mm Hg	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic diastolic blood pressure response measured at week 6, defined as less than 90 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg. Diastolic blood pressure is the arithmetic mean of the 3 trough sitting diastolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline and Week 6.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve Both a Clinic Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure Response	Percentage of participants who achieve both a clinic diastolic and systolic blood pressure response measured at week 6, defined as less than 90 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 10 mm Hg AND less than 140 mm Hg and/or reduction from baseline of greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. Diastolic and systolic blood pressure is based on the arithmetic mean of the 3 sitting blood pressure measurements.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in Mean Trough Clinic Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure.	The change in mean trough clinic sitting systolic blood pressure measured at final visit or week 6 relative to baseline.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in Mean Trough Clinic Sitting Diastolic Blood Pressure	The change in mean trough clinic sitting systolic blood pressure measured at final visit or week 6 relative to baseline.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in the 12-hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 12-hour mean systolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 12-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded in the first 12 hours after dosing.	Baseline and Week 6.
Change From Baseline in the 12-hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 12-hour mean diastolic blood pressure measured at week 6 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 12-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded in the first 12 hours after dosing.	Baseline and Week 6.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Takeda

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• White WB, Weber MA, Sica D, Bakris GL, Perez A, Cao C, Kupfer S. Effects of the angiotensin receptor blocker azilsartan medoxomil versus olmesartan and valsartan on ambulatory and clinic blood pressure in patients with stages 1 and 2 hypertension. Hypertension. 2011 Mar;57(3):413-20. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.110.163402. Epub 2011 Jan 31.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: April 1, 2008
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): August 1, 2009
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): August 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 10, 2008
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 10, 2008
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): June 12, 2008

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): April 19, 2011
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2011
• Last Verified: March 1, 2011

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Drug Therapy; Cardiovascular Disease; Essential Hypertension; High Blood Pressure
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Hypertension; Essential Hypertension; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antihypertensive Agents; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Valsartan; Olmesartan; Azilsartan medoxomil
• Other Study ID Numbers: 01-06-TL-491-019; U1111-1113-9161 (REGISTRY: WHO)