Efficacy and Safety of Azilsartan Medoxomil Plus Chlorthalidone in Participants With Moderate to Severe Hypertension

A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Efficacy and Safety Study Comparing the TAK-491 Plus Chlorthalidone Fixed-Dose Combination vs Benicar HCT® (Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide) in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Essential Hypertension

The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of azilsartan medoxomil combined with chlorthalidone, once daily (QD), in participants with moderate to severe essential hypertension.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Essential Hypertension
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Drug: Olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide

Detailed Description

According to the World Health Organization, hypertension is the most common attributable cause of preventable death in developed nations, as uncontrolled hypertension greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and renal failure. As the population ages, the prevalence of hypertension will continue to increase if broad and effective preventive measures are not implemented. Despite the availability of antihypertensive agents, hypertension remains inadequately controlled; only about one-third of patients continue to maintain control successfully.

Although most antihypertensive agents are effective at the appropriate dose, the majority have side effects that limit their use. As a class, angiotensin II receptor blockers generally are considered more tolerable than other classes of antihypertensive agents. TAK-491 (azilsartan medoxomil) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker being evaluated by Takeda to treat essential hypertension.

Treatments for essential hypertension commonly include use of a thiazide-like diuretic, either alone or as part of combination treatment. Although chlorthalidone was commonly prescribed in the past, its use has widely been replaced with hydrochlorothiazide, presumably due to a lack of available combination products containing chlorthalidone, the assumption that hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone have similar antihypertensive effects and cardiovascular benefits, and the perception that chlorthalidone use is associated with a greater frequency of hypokalemia. However, the frequency of hypokalemia with chlorthalidone use is relatively low in the dose range of 12.5 to 25 mg and these doses have been shown to be associated with potent blood pressure reduction. Several long-term outcomes trials have shown that blood pressure reductions associated with chlorthalidone treatment reduce risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Most hypertensive patients require two or more agents to achieve target blood pressure and diuretics are commonly used in combination with other antihypertensive agents.

Participants in this study will be randomized to receive one of 3 possible dosing combinations of azilsartan medoxomil with either chlorthalidone or olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide over 8 weeks. The total duration of the study is approximately 13 weeks. Participants will make a total of 11 visits to the clinic, and will be required to participate in a follow-up telephone call 14 days after last dose of the study drug for adverse event assessment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 1085
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Chile
  • Osorno, Chile
  • Santiago, Chile
  • Cautín
    • Temuco, Cautín, Chile
  • Elqui
    • La Serena, Elqui, Chile
  • Valparaíso
    • Vina del Mar, Valparaíso, Chile
• Mexico
  • Chihuahua, Mexico
  • San Luis Potosi, Mexico
  • Baja California
    • Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
  • Guanajuato
    • Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico
  • Jalisco
    • Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States
    • Haleyville, Alabama, United States
    • Hueytown, Alabama, United States
    • Jasper, Alabama, United States
    • Tallassee, Alabama, United States
  • Arizona
    • Green Valley, Arizona, United States
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States
  • California
    • Long Beach, California, United States
    • National City, California, United States
    • Roseville, California, United States
    • San Francisco, California, United States
    • San Jose, California, United States
  • Delaware
    • Newark, Delaware, United States
  • Florida
    • Clearwater, Florida, United States
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States
    • Jupiter, Florida, United States
    • Miami, Florida, United States
    • Ocala, Florida, United States
    • Pembroke Pines, Florida, United States
    • Plant City, Florida, United States
    • Tallahassee, Florida, United States
  • Illinois
    • Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States
    • Gurnee, Illinois, United States
  • Indiana
    • Avon, Indiana, United States
  • Kansas
    • Wichita, Kansas, United States
  • Kentucky
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States
  • Maine
    • Auburn, Maine, United States
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Brockton, Massachusetts, United States
    • Haverhill, Massachusetts, United States
    • North Dartmouth, Massachusetts, United States
  • Michigan
    • Bingham Farms, Michigan, United States
    • Stevensville, Michigan, United States
  • Mississippi
    • Olive Branch, Mississippi, United States
  • Missouri
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States
  • North Carolina
    • Burlington, North Carolina, United States
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States
    • Hickory, North Carolina, United States
    • Shelby, North Carolina, United States
  • Ohio
    • Akron, Ohio, United States
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States
    • Marion, Ohio, United States
    • Middleburg Heights, Ohio, United States
    • Willoughby Hills, Ohio, United States
  • Oklahoma
    • Norman, Oklahoma, United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Bensalem, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Erie, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Reading, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Rhode Island
    • Cranston, Rhode Island, United States
    • Cumberland, Rhode Island, United States
  • South Carolina
    • North Charleston, South Carolina, United States
  • Tennessee
    • Jackson, Tennessee, United States
    • Kingsport, Tennessee, United States
    • Milan, Tennessee, United States
  • Texas
    • Austin, Texas, United States
    • Corpus Christi, Texas, United States
    • Dallas, Texas, United States
    • Houston, Texas, United States
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
  • Virginia
    • Arlington, Virginia, United States
    • Burke, Virginia, United States
    • Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
    • Manassas, Virginia, United States
  • Washington
    • Lakewood, Washington, United States
    • Port Orchard, Washington, United States
  • Wisconsin
    • Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 190 mm Hg on Day -1 or if the participant has not received antihypertensive treatment within 28 days before screening and has a mean sitting clinic systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 160 and less than or equal to 190 mm Hg at the Screening Visit and on Day -1.
2. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active must agree to use adequate contraception, and can neither be pregnant nor lactating from Screening throughout the duration of the study.
3. Has clinical laboratory test results within the reference range for the testing laboratory or the investigator does not consider the results to be clinically significant.
4. Is willing to discontinue current antihypertensive medications on Day -21 or on Day -28 if is on amlodipine or chlorthalidone.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a mean sitting clinic diastolic blood pressure greater than 119 mm Hg.
2. Has a baseline 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring reading of insufficient quality.
3. Works a night (third) shift (from 11 PM [2300] to 7 AM [0700]).
4. Has an upper arm circumference less than 24 cm or greater than 42 cm.
5. Is noncompliant with study medication during the placebo run-in period.
6. Has secondary hypertension of any etiology.
7. Has a recent history of myocardial infarction, heart failure, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack.
8. Has a clinically significant cardiac conduction.
9. Has hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow obstruction due to aortic valvular disease.
10. Has severe renal dysfunction or disease.
11. Has a known or suspected unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
12. Has a history of cancer that has not been in remission for at least 5 years prior to the first dose of study drug.
13. Has poorly controlled type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
14. Has hypokalemia or hyperkalemia.
15. Has an alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level of greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal, active liver disease or jaundice.
16. Has any other known serious disease or condition that would compromise safety, might affect life expectancy or make it difficult to successfully manage and follow the participant according to the protocol.
17. Has a known hypersensitivity to angiotensin II receptor blockers or thiazide-type diuretics or other sulfonamide-derived compounds.
18. Has been randomized in a previous Azilsartan Medoxomil study.
19. Is currently participating in another investigational study or has participated in an investigational study or is receiving or has received any investigational compound within 30 days prior to Randomization.
20. Has a history of drug abuse or a history of alcohol abuse within the past 2 years.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Azilsartan Medoxomil 20-40mg plus Chlorthalidone 12.5-25 mg QD; (dependant on blood pressure)	Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil 20 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 mg, tablets, orally, and olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide placebo tablets once daily for 8 weeks. If participant does not achieve target blood pressure at Week 4, then the dosage will be increased to azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for the remaining 4 weeks.; Other Names: TAK-491CLD; chlorthalidone; TAK-491; azilsartan medoxomil; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5, mg, tablets, orally, and olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide placebo tablets once daily for 8 weeks. If participant does not achieve target blood pressure at Week 4, then the dosage will be increased to azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for the remaining 4 weeks.; Other Names: TAK-491CLD; chlorthalidone; TAK-491; azilsartan medoxomil
Experimental: Azilsartan Medoxomil 40-80mg plus Chlorthalidone 12.5-25 mg QD; (dependant on blood pressure)	Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil 20 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 mg, tablets, orally, and olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide placebo tablets once daily for 8 weeks. If participant does not achieve target blood pressure at Week 4, then the dosage will be increased to azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for the remaining 4 weeks.; Other Names: TAK-491CLD; chlorthalidone; TAK-491; azilsartan medoxomil; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5, mg, tablets, orally, and olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide placebo tablets once daily for 8 weeks. If participant does not achieve target blood pressure at Week 4, then the dosage will be increased to azilsartan medoxomil 80 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for the remaining 4 weeks.; Other Names: TAK-491CLD; chlorthalidone; TAK-491; azilsartan medoxomil
Active Comparator: Olmesartan medoxomil 20-40mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5-25mg QD; (dependant on blood pressure)	Drug: Olmesartan medoxomil-hydrochlorothiazide; Olmesartan medoxomil 20 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, tablets, orally, and Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone placebo-matching tablets, orally, once daily for 8 weeks. If participant does not achieve target blood pressure at Week 4, then the dosage will be increased to olmesartan medoxomil 40 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for the remaining 4 weeks.; Other Names: Benicar HCT®

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline to Week 8 in Trough, Sitting, Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure.	The change in trough systolic blood pressure measured at week 8 or final visit relative to baseline. Systolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline and Week 8.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline to Week 4 in Trough, Sitting, Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure.	The change in trough systolic blood pressure measured at week 4 relative to baseline. Systolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline and Week 4.
Change From Baseline in Trough, Sitting, Clinic Diastolic Blood Pressure	The change in trough diastolic blood pressure measured at week 4 and week 8 relative to baseline. Diastolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting diastolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in Trough Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in trough systolic blood pressure measured at week 4 and week 8 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Trough is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in Trough Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in trough systolic blood pressure measured at week 4 and week 8 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Trough is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in 24-hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure at week4 and week 8 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in 24-hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 0 to 24-hours-after-dosing mean diastolic blood pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8 relative to baseline. . Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The mean consists of the average of measurements collected over the subsequent 24 hours.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in Daytime Mean (6am to 10pm) Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the daytime, while awake (6am to 10pm) mean systolic blood pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night Daytime mean is the average of measurements recorded between the hours of 6 AM (inclusive) and 10 PM (exclusive) included in the 24-hour mean calculations.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in Daytime Mean (6am to 10pm) Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the daytime, while awake (6am to 10pm) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of measurements recorded between the hours of 6 AM (inclusive) and 10 PM (exclusive) included in the 24-hour mean calculations.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in Nighttime Mean (12am to 6am) Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring	The change in the nighttime, while asleep (12am to 6am) mean systolic blood pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8 to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of measurements recorded between the hours of 12 AM (inclusive) and 6 AM (exclusive) included in the 24-hour mean calculations.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in Nighttime Mean (12am to 6am) Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the nighttime, while asleep (12am to 6am) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average (arithmetic mean) of measurements recorded between the hours of 12 AM (inclusive) and 6 AM (exclusive) included in the 24-hour mean calculations.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in 12-hr Mean Systolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 0 to 12 hours-after-dosing mean Systolic Blood Pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8 relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night The mean consists of the average (arithmetic mean) of measurements collected at each time frame and includes all observations recorded over the subsequent 12 hours.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Change From Baseline in 12-hr Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 0 to 12 hours-after-dosing mean diastolic blood pressure measured at Week 4 and Week 8 to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The mean consists of the average (arithmetic mean) of measurements collected at each time frame and includes all observations recorded over the subsequent 12 hours.	Baseline, Week 4 and Week 8.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as <140 mm Hg for Participants Without Diabetes or CKD or <130 mm Hg for Participants With Diabetes or CKD	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic systolic blood pressure response, defined as <140 mm Hg for participants without diabetes or CKD or <130 mm Hg for participants with diabetes or CKD at each time frame relative to baseline.	Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6 and Week 8.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Diastolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as Defined as <90 mm Hg for Participants Without Diabetes or CKD or <80 mm Hg for Participants With Diabetes or CKD	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic diastolic blood pressure response, defined as defined as <90 mm Hg for participants without diabetes or CKD or <80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes or CKD at each time frame relative to baseline.	Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6 and Week 8.
Percentage of Participants Who Achieve a Clinic Diastolic AND Systolic Blood Pressure Response, Defined as <140/90 mm Hg for Participants Without Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) or <130/80 mm Hg for Participants With Diabetes or CKD	Percentage of participants who achieve both a clinic diastolic blood pressure response, defined as <140/90 mm Hg for participants without diabetes or chronic kidney disease (CKD) or <130/80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes or CKD at each time frame relative to baseline.	Baseline, Week 2, Week 4, Week 6 and Week 8.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Takeda
• Investigators: Study Director: Executive Medical Director, Takeda

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Cushman WC, Bakris GL, White WB, Weber MA, Sica D, Roberts A, Lloyd E, Kupfer S. A randomized titrate-to-target study comparing fixed-dose combinations of azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone with olmesartan and hydrochlorothiazide in stage-2 systolic hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018 Apr;36(4):947-956. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000001647.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 1, 2010
• Study Completion (Actual): June 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 13, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 17, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): February 18, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): March 13, 2012
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 9, 2012
• Last Verified: February 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Drug Therapy; Cardiovascular Disease; Hypertensive; Blood Pressure, High; Vascular Disease; Essential Hypertension
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Hypertension; Essential Hypertension; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antihypertensive Agents; Natriuretic Agents; Membrane Transport Modulators; Diuretics; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Olmesartan; Olmesartan Medoxomil; Hydrochlorothiazide; Chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil
• Other Study ID Numbers: TAK-491CLD_301; U1111-1112-4287 (Other Identifier: WHO)