Human Papillomavirus Epidemiology in Nigeria

November 24, 2020 updated by: National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Epidemiologic and Molecular Features of Cervical Cancer in Nigeria - Project Itoju (Care)

Background:

  • Cervical cancer is caused by persistent infection of the lining of the cervix with some kinds of human papillomaviruses (HPV). These HPV infections are distantly related to the viruses that cause warts on the skin. Like common wart viruses, most women who have cervical infections with HPV resolve the infections within 2 years without any need for treatment. Cervical infections that do not go away may cause disease that can turn into cancer after many years.
  • Only one study has been done in Nigeria to learn how many women have HPV infection. The results of the study differed from most other studies in the world because older women were much more likely to be infected. This study with learn whether the results found in the previous study are true in Irun also, the site of the current study.

Objectives:

  • To examine the age distribution of HPV infection and relationship to cancer of the cervix among Nigerian women.
  • To understand how different screening methods, including HPV testing, could best reduce the risk of cervical cancer in Nigerian women.

Eligibility:

- Women residing in Irun, Nigeria, who are 15 years of age or older.

Design:

  • Participants complete a brief questionnaire related to demographics, household and living conditions and a longer survey with questions related to reproductive history, family history, illnesses, stressful life events and sexual history (U. of Michigan collaboration).
  • Participants have a cervical examination, HPV test, Pap test and blood test.
  • Women whose tests show they are infected with HPV or have cervical disease will do the following:
  • see a doctor and have cervical biopsies of all white abnormal areas (removal of a small tissue sample from the cervix)
  • have photographs of the cervix taken
  • have a cervical scraping for a new kind of HPV test.
  • Some women with normal test results are also asked to see a doctor to check the validity of the testing
  • Women with cervical disease receive treatment by a specialist and remain in the program until treatment is successfully completed or a final diagnosis is reached.
  • Participants may be contacted for followup up to 5 years after the final diagnosis is made.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer, caused by persistent infection with approximately 15-20 genotypes of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, is the second leading cause of female cancer. Cytology (Pap smears) and the new HPV vaccines are not widely available in poor regions. Immediate treatment of HPV-infected older women by cryotherapy might have greater impact.

Although the same HPV types cause cervical cancer everywhere, and the same stages (infection, persistence vs. clearance, progression to precancer, and invasion) typify cervical carcinogenesis, the patterns of age-specific prevalence of HPV vary widely. These patterns are important for secondary prevention strategies relying on HPV DNA testing.

In many regions, including the US, HPV infections appear as classical sexually-transmitted agents, with peak cervical DNA prevalence at young ages (approximately 20) and low prevalence at older ages. However, in Nigeria, HPV prevalence is high (greater than or equal to 15%) at all ages according to the one study performed in urban Ibadan by Franceschi s group at IARC (n=932 women). This pattern is very uncommon. High prevalence at all ages would preclude use of HPV testing in low-cost strategies, due to poor positive predictive value. One possibly relevant element is the marital structure in Nigeria; a man often has multiple wives.

OBJECTIVES: The major objectives are: 1) To estimate age-specific HPV prevalences in Irun, Nigeria; 2) To investigate epidemiologic risk factors for HPV and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in this population; 3) To examine the performance of screening options; 4) To assess the correlation of HPV among co-wives, comparing households with multiple wives with those with single wives; and 5) To validate the performance of rapid HPV, an inexpensive HPV test designed for public-sector use in settings like Irun.

ELIGIBILITY: All non-pregnant women aged 15+, without hysterectomy, will be eligible if they can provide written informed consent. Unmarried women less than 21 will be enrolled only with parental consent. Sexually active women will be examined and asked for cervical specimens; self-reported virginal women will be asked for a 10-ml blood sample only.

DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional screening study of 1500 women in Irun, a Nigerian village. Unlike the IARC study, we will incorporate cytology, visual inspection, and colposcopic biopsy of women that test positive by any of the three screening tests. We will determine whether HPV infection at various ages is related to risk of cervical abnormalities. The analyses will include descriptive trend data, multivariable modeling of HPV determinants, and clinical epidemiologic analysis of relative screening test performance in detecting cervical neoplasia.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

1466

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Nigeria
      • Ile-Ife, Nigeria
        • Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

30 years to 49 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

Female

Description

  • INCLUSION CRITERIA:
  • Females who are 15 years to 99 years of age

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

  • Previous hysterectomy
  • Current pregnancy
  • Inability to give informed consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: SCREENING
  • Allocation: NA
  • Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Women referred to colposcopy clinic
Triage tests for diagnosis of cervical pre-cancer amongHPV positive women
Device: OncoE6
HPV oncoprotein assay
Device: EVA System
low-cost colposcope

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sensitivity of triage methods
Time Frame: cross-sectional
Cervical Histopathology
cross-sectional

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

July 6, 2009

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

December 30, 2019

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

November 10, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 5, 2008

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 5, 2008

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

December 8, 2008

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

November 25, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 24, 2020

Last Verified

November 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 999909045
  • 09-C-N045

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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