Efficacy and Safety of Azilsartan Medoxomil and Chlorthalidone in Participants With Moderate to Severe Hypertension

A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Efficacy and Safety Study of the TAK 491 Plus Chlorthalidone Fixed-Dose Combination Compared With TAK-491 and Hydrochlorothiazide Coadministration Therapy in Subjects With Moderate to Severe Essential Hypertension

The purpose of this study is to compare the antihypertensive effect of chlorthalidone vs hydrochlorothiazide when each is used with azilsartan medoxomil, once daily (QD), in participants with moderate to severe essential hypertension.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Essential Hypertension
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide

Detailed Description

According to the World Health Organization, hypertension is the most common attributable cause of preventable death in developed nations, as uncontrolled hypertension greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and renal failure. Despite the availability of antihypertensive agents, hypertension remains inadequately controlled; only about one-third of patients continue to maintain control successfully.

Although most antihypertensive agents are effective at the appropriate dose, the majority have side effects that limit their use. As a class, angiotensin II receptor blockers generally are considered more tolerable than other classes of antihypertensive agents. TAK-491 (azilsartan medoxomil) is an angiotensin II receptor blocker being evaluated by Takeda to treat essential hypertension.

Treatments for essential hypertension commonly include use of a thiazide-like diuretic, either alone or as part of combination treatment. Although chlorthalidone was commonly prescribed in the past, its use has widely been replaced with hydrochlorothiazide, presumably due to a lack of available combination products containing chlorthalidone, the assumption that hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone have similar antihypertensive effects and cardiovascular benefits, and the perception that chlorthalidone use is associated with a greater frequency of hypokalemia. However, the frequency of hypokalemia with chlorthalidone use is relatively low in the dose range of 12.5 to 25 mg and these doses have been shown to be associated with potent blood pressure reduction. Several long-term outcomes trials have shown that blood pressure reductions associated with chlorthalidone treatment reduce risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Most hypertensive patients require two or more agents to achieve target blood pressure and diuretics are commonly used in combination with other antihypertensive agents. This trial is designed to compare chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide when coadministered with azilsartan medoxomil.

Participants in this study will receive either chlorthalidone or hydrochlorothiazide in combination with azilsartan medoxomil. Total commitment time for this study is about 13 weeks. Participants will be required to wear a blood pressure monitor for three 24 hours periods during the study.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 609
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Russian Federation
  • Moscow, Russian Federation
  • Perm, Russian Federation
  • St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States
    • Gulf Shores, Alabama, United States
    • Scottsboro, Alabama, United States
  • Arizona
    • Gilbert, Arizona, United States
    • Sierra Vista, Arizona, United States
  • California
    • Paramount, California, United States
    • Sacramento, California, United States
    • San Diego, California, United States
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
    • Wheat Ridge, Colorado, United States
  • Connecticut
    • Milford, Connecticut, United States
  • Florida
    • Adventura, Florida, United States
    • Aventura, Florida, United States
    • Brooksville, Florida, United States
    • Crystal River, Florida, United States
    • DeLand, Florida, United States
    • Doral, Florida, United States
    • Miami, Florida, United States
    • Naranja, Florida, United States
    • Sarasota, Florida, United States
    • Tampa, Florida, United States
    • West Palm Beach, Florida, United States
    • Winter Haven, Florida, United States
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States
    • Stockbridge, Georgia, United States
    • Suwanee, Georgia, United States
  • Illinois
    • Huntsville, Illinois, United States
  • Indiana
    • Bloomington, Indiana, United States
    • Valparaiso, Indiana, United States
  • Kentucky
    • Crestview Hills, Kentucky, United States
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States
  • Massachusetts
    • West Yarmouth, Massachusetts, United States
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
  • Missouri
    • St. Louis, Missouri, United States
    • St. Peters, Missouri, United States
  • New York
    • New Windsor, New York, United States
  • North Carolina
    • Asheboro, North Carolina, United States
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
    • Kettering, Ohio, United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Downingtown, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Lancaster, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Lansdale, Pennsylvania, United States
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
  • South Carolina
    • Goose Creek, South Carolina, United States
    • Taylors, South Carolina, United States
  • Texas
    • Bryan, Texas, United States
    • San Antonio, Texas, United States
  • Virginia
    • Ettrick, Virginia, United States
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Is treated with antihypertensive therapy and has a post-washout mean sitting clinic SBP greater than or equal to 160 and less than or equal to 190 mm Hg on Day -1; or the participant has not received antihypertensive treatment within 28 days prior to Screening and has a mean sitting clinic SBP greater than or equal to 160 and less than or equal to 190 mm Hg at the Screening Visit and on Day -1.
2. Females of childbearing potential who are sexually active agree to routinely use adequate contraception from Screening through 30 days after the last administered study drug dose.
3. Has clinical laboratory test results (clinical chemistry, hematology, and complete urinalysis) within the reference range for the testing laboratory or the investigator does not consider the results to be clinically significant.
4. Is willing to discontinue current antihypertensive medications on Day -21 or Day -28 if the participant is on amlodipine or chlorthalidone.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a mean sitting clinic diastolic blood pressure greater than 119 mm Hg on Day -1.
2. Has a baseline 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring reading of insufficient quality.
3. Works a night (third) shift (defined as 11 PM [2300] to 7 AM [0700]).
4. Has an upper arm circumference less than 24 cm or greater than 42 cm.
5. Is noncompliant (less than 70% or greater than 130%) with study medication during the placebo run-in period.
6. Has secondary hypertension of any etiology (eg, renovascular disease, pheochromocytoma, Cushing's syndrome).
7. Has a recent history (within the last 6 months) of myocardial infarction, heart failure, unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebrovascular accident, or transient ischemic attack.
8. Has clinically significant cardiac conduction defects (ie, third-degree atrioventricular block, sick sinus syndrome, atrial fibrillation, or atrial flutter).
9. Has hemodynamically significant left ventricular outflow obstruction due to aortic valvular disease.
10. Has severe renal dysfunction or disease [based on estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73m2 at Screening].
11. Has known or suspected unilateral or bilateral renal artery stenosis.
12. Has a history of cancer that has not been in remission for at least 5 years prior to the first dose of study drug. (This criterion does not apply to those participants with basal cell or stage I squamous cell carcinoma of the skin).
13. Has poorly-controlled type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus at Screening.
14. Has hypokalemia or hyperkalemia (defined as serum potassium outside of the normal reference range of the central laboratory).
15. Has an alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase level of greater than 2.5 times the upper limit of normal, active liver disease, or jaundice.
16. Has any other known serious disease or condition that would compromise safety, might affect life expectancy, or make it difficult to successfully manage and follow the participant according to the protocol.
17. Has known hypersensitivity to angiotensin II receptor blockers or thiazide-type diuretics or other sulfonamide-derived compounds.
18. Has been randomized in a previous azilsartan medoxomil study.
19. Currently participating in another investigational study or is receiving or has received any investigational compound within 30 days prior to Screening.
20. Has a history of drug abuse or a history of alcohol abuse within the past 2 years.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Azilsartan Medoxomil 40 mg/Chlorthalidone 12.5 mg QD	Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg and chlorthalidone 12.5 mg combination tablet, orally, once daily and hydrochlorothiazide placebo-matching tablets, orally, once daily for up to 10 weeks. For participants who do not achieve target blood pressure by Week 6, the dose of chlorthalidone will be increased for the remaining 4 weeks of treatment.; Other Names: TAK-491CLD; TAK-491
Experimental: Azilsartan Medoxomil 40 mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg QD	Drug: Azilsartan medoxomil and hydrochlorothiazide; Azilsartan medoxomil 40 mg, tablets, orally, once daily and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg, tablets, orally, once daily for up to 10 weeks. For participants who do not achieve target blood pressure by Week 6, the dose of hydrochlorothiazide will be increased for the remaining 4 weeks of treatment.; Other Names: TAK-491CLD; TAK-491

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in Trough, Sitting, Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure	The change in sitting trough clinic systolic blood pressure measured at each week indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Systolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change From Baseline in Trough, Sitting, Clinic Diastolic Blood Pressure	The change in sitting trough clinic diastolic blood pressure measured at each week indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Diastolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in Mean Trough Systolic Blood Pressure (22 to 24 Hours After Dosing) as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in trough systolic blood pressure measured at each week indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The trough is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in Mean Trough Diastolic Blood Pressure (22 to 24 Hours After Dosing) as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in trough diastolic blood pressure measured at each week indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The trough is the average of all measurements recorded from 22 to 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in 24-hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in 24-hour mean systolic blood pressure measured at each visit indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in 24-hour Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure measured at each visit indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 24-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded for 24 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in the Mean Daytime (6 AM to 10 PM) Systolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in daytime (6am to 10pm) mean systolic blood pressure measured at each visit including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in the Mean Daytime (6 AM to 10 PM) Diastolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in daytime (6am to 10pm) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at each visit including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Daytime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 6 am and 10 pm.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in the Mean Nighttime (12 AM to 6 AM) Systolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in nighttime (12am to 6am) mean systolic blood pressure measured at each visit indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 12 am and 6 am.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in the Mean Nighttime (12 AM to 6 AM) Diastolic Blood Pressure as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in nighttime (12am to 6am) mean diastolic blood pressure measured at each visit indicated including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. Nighttime mean is the average of all measurements recorded between the hours of 12 am and 6 am.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in the Mean Systolic Blood Pressure at 0 to 12 Hours After Dosing as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring	The change in the 12-hour mean systolic blood pressure measured at each visit including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 12-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded in the first 12 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Change From Baseline in the Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure at 0 to 12 Hours After Dosing as Measured by Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring.	The change in the 12-hour mean diastolic blood pressure measured at each visit including final visit relative to baseline. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring measures blood pressure at regular intervals throughout the day and night. The 12-hour mean is the average of all measurements recorded in the first 12 hours after dosing.	Baseline, Week 6 and Week 10.
Percentage of Participants Who Reached Their Trough, Sitting, Clinic Systolic Blood Pressure Targets, Defined as <140 mm Hg for Participants Without Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease or <130 mm Hg for Participants With Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic systolic blood pressure response measured at each week indicated, defined as <140mm Hg without diabetes or chronic kidney disease or <130/mm Hg with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Systolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting systolic blood pressure measurements.	Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8 and Week 10.
Percentage of Participants Who Reached Their Trough, Sitting, Clinic Diastolic Blood Pressure Target, Defined as <90 mm Hg for Participants Without Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease or <80 mm Hg for Participants With Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease.	Percentage of participants who achieve a clinic diastolic blood pressure response measured at each week indicated, defined as <90 mm Hg for participants without diabetes or chronic kidney disease or <80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. Diastolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting diastolic blood pressure measurements.	Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8 and Week 10.
Percentage of Participants Who Reached Their Trough, Sitting, Clinic Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure Targets, Defined as <140/90 mm Hg Without Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease or <130/80 mm Hg With Diabetes or Chronic Kidney Disease	Percentage of participants who achieve both a clinic systolic and diastolic blood pressure response measured at each week indicated, defined as <140/90 mm Hg for participants without diabetes or chronic kidney disease or <130/80 mm Hg for participants with diabetes or chronic kidney disease[GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) >200 mg albumin/g creatinine at Screening.] Systolic/diastolic blood pressure is the average of the 3 serial trough sitting systolic/diastolic blood pressure measurements.	Week 2, Week 4, Week 6, Week 8 and Week 10.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Takeda
• Investigators: Study Director: Executive Medical Director, Takeda

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bakris GL, Sica D, White WB, Cushman WC, Weber MA, Handley A, Song E, Kupfer S. Antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide vs chlorthalidone combined with azilsartan medoxomil. Am J Med. 2012 Dec;125(12):1229.e1-1229.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2012.05.023. Epub 2012 Aug 30.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2009
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2009

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 7, 2009
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 7, 2009
• First Posted (Estimate): January 8, 2009

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 7, 2012
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2012
• Last Verified: January 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Drug Therapy; Cardiovascular Disease; Hypertensive; Blood Pressure, High; Vascular Disease; Essential Hypertension
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Hypertension; Essential Hypertension; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Antihypertensive Agents; Natriuretic Agents; Membrane Transport Modulators; Diuretics; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Hydrochlorothiazide; Chlorthalidone; Azilsartan medoxomil
• Other Study ID Numbers: TAK-491CLD_306; U1111-1112-7119 (Registry Identifier: WHO)