The Effect of Combined Ephedrine and Lidocaine Pretreatment on Pain and Hemodynamic Changes Due to Propofol Injection

October 10, 2012 updated by: marzieh beigom khezri, Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences

Title: The Effect of Combined Ephedrine and Lidocaine Pretreatment on Pain Due to Propofol Injection in Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery Under General Anaesthesia

Objectives: Injection pain and hypotension are two main adverse effects of propofol which distresses patient. The aim of this prospective double blind study was to compare the effect of ephedrine -lidocaine combination with lidocaine and ephedrine on injection pain and hemodynamic changes due to propofol induction.

Methods: 165 adult patients, aged 20 to 60 yr, Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5 groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30microgram/kg (E30), ephedrine 70 microgram/kg(E70), lidocaine 0.5mg/kg -ephedrine 30 microgram/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S) intravenously. After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected. Face pain scale and verbal rating scale, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, just before intubation, and one minute after intubation

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

165

Phase

  • Phase 2
  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

20 years to 60 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA)physical statusIandII

Exclusion Criteria:

  • patients with difficulty in communication
  • history of allergic, neurologic or cardiovascular disease
  • patients who had received an analgesic medication within 24 hr before surgery

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Prevention
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Quadruple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: ephedrine 30 microgram/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Drug: Ephedrine 30microgram/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Active Comparator: ephedrine 70 microgram/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Drug: ephedrine 70 microgram/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Active Comparator: lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Drug: lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Active Comparator: lidocaine 0.5mg/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Drug: lidocaine 0.5mg/kg

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Placebo Comparator: normal saline 2ml

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected
Drug: normal saline 2ml

Patients were randomly allocated to one of 5

groups (33 patients per group): lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg(L) ,ephedrine 30micrograms/kg (E30)ephedrine 70micrograms/kg(E70),lidocaine0.5mg/kg -ephedrine30 micrograms/kg(LE) or 2ml saline (S)intravenously.participants in each group receive a single dose of the intervention treatment only.After one minute propofol 2 mg/kg into a dorsal hand vein was injected

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Time Frame
pain during propofol injection is assessed by face pain scale(FPS) and verbal rating scale(VRS)
Time Frame: during the injection period of propofol(One minute after the administration of the test solution) before loss of consciousness
during the injection period of propofol(One minute after the administration of the test solution) before loss of consciousness

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
mean arterial blood pressure
Time Frame: before the administration of the test solution , just before intubation(three minutes after atracurium injection), and one minute after intubation
mean arterial blood pressure is assessed by nonivasive automatic blood pressure measurement
before the administration of the test solution , just before intubation(three minutes after atracurium injection), and one minute after intubation
heart rate
Time Frame: before the administration of the test solution, just before intubation(three minutes after atracurium injection) , and one minute after intubation
is assessed by echocardiogram monitoring
before the administration of the test solution, just before intubation(three minutes after atracurium injection) , and one minute after intubation

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Qazvin University Of Medical Sciences

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

August 1, 2010

Primary Completion (Actual)

October 1, 2010

Study Completion (Actual)

November 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

August 19, 2010

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

August 20, 2010

First Posted (Estimate)

August 23, 2010

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

October 11, 2012

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

October 10, 2012

Last Verified

October 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ACTRN12610000610033

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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