Early Treatment for Acute ACL Tear (AAA)

Early Anti-inflammatory Treatment in Patients With Acute ACL Tear

This research study is the first of its kind and will allow health care professionals and researchers to answer many questions about the reasons why anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury leads to knee pain and disability and osteoarthritis. We also hope that this study will be the beginning of new, more powerful and safer drugs to help patients with ACL injuries heal sooner and return to sports or daily activities pain free. Study participants will be recruited from the University of Kentucky and Vanderbilt University.

The purpose of this research is to gather information on how safe and effective Kenalog® is in alleviating knee pain following ACL rupture.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebo; Drug: Kenalog; Drug: Kenalog or placebo; Drug: Kenalog then Placebo

Detailed Description

Injury to the knee during sports participation often involves partial of full detachment of the ACL. ACL tears cause pain, swelling and inflammation. While the swelling and inflammation usually goes away in time, individuals with ACL injuries may experience pain and notice knee instability (knee slipping, etc.). Often surgery can repair or replace the ACL within the joint, allowing individuals the ability to walk or run again pain free or participate in sports. Unfortunately, osteoarthritis of the knee, which also causes pain and swelling, can occur in that same knee 10-20 years later for reasons which are not well understood.

In this research study, we hope to prevent and reduce the initial post-operative pain. The reduction of pain will allow for earlier movement of the knee joint and preparation for surgery. It may also reduce the risk to develop osteoarthritis in individuals with ACL injuries by treating them within 1-2 days after their injury.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 49
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Kentucky
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40517
      • UK HeathCare Sports Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 33 years (ADULT, CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• currently participating in sporting activities
• Normal contralateral knee status
• Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury occurred while playing a sporting activity

Exclusion Criteria:

• underlying inflammatory disease (i.e. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, etc.)
• have been diagnosed with hepatitis B or tuberculosis
• currently have an infection, including infection of the skin
• have a disease that weakens your immune system such as diabetes, cancer, HIV or AIDs
• other major medical condition requiring treatment with immunosuppressant or modulating drugs.
• A history of chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• previous exposure or allergic reaction to Kenalog
• prior knee surgery (Ipsilateral or contralateral)
• have received any investigational drug with 4 weeks of study Visit 1

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: DOUBLE

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Kenalog or Placebo; Kenalog® (40mg) or saline placebo injection 1-2 days after ACL injury and 12-14 days later.	Drug: Kenalog or placebo; Other Names: Other Names:; Drug: Kenalog; triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension; Drug Placebo (for Kenalog); physiologic Saline solution
EXPERIMENTAL: Kenalog then placebo; Subjects will initially receive 40mg injection of Kenalog® 1-2 days after injury and saline placebo at 12-14 days post injury.	Drug: Kenalog then Placebo; Other Names: Other Names:; Drug: Kenalog; triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension; Drug Placebo (for Kenalog); physiologic saline solution
EXPERIMENTAL: Kenalog only; Subjects will receive two consecutive (40 mg) intra-articular injections of Kenalog®	Drug: Kenalog; Other Names: Other Names:; Drug: Kenalog; triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Placebo; subjects will receive two consecutive intra-articular saline placebo injections at the same time periods.	Drug: Placebo; Other Names: Drug Placebo (for Kenalog); physiologic saline solution

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Participant Pain Assessment	Participants with be given a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain assessment questionnaire which scores the participant's perceived pain on a scale of 0-10 were zero is no pain and 10 is the worst pain imaginable. The scale will be administered during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Efficacy of Kenalog to Alleviate Knee Pain	The efficacy of Kenalog with be determined using the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) instrument. Participants will self-report knee pain and function through the KOOS questionnaire during the initial orthopedic consult and during the pre-op assessment prior to surgery, between 1 and 7 days later. The scale scores range from 100 (no symptoms) to zero (extreme symptoms).	Up to seven days
Synovial Interleukin-1α (IL-1α) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure IL-1α concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in IL-1α concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure IL-1β concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in IL-1β concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1ra) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure IL-1ra concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in IL-1ra concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial C-terminal Peptide II (CTXII) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure CTXII concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in CTXII concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure COMP concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in COMP concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure GAG concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in GAG concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Type I Collagen Cross-Linked N-Telopeptide (NTX-I) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure NTX-I concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in NTX-I concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial TNF-stimulated Gene 6 Protein (TSG-6) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure TSG-6 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in TSG-6 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure MMP-1 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in MMP-1 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure MMP-3 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in MMP-3 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days
Synovial Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) Concentration	Participants will have a knee joint aspiration during their initial orthopedic consult and during pre-op assessment. Synovial fluid will be aspirated and spun at 3500RPM for 10 minutes then the supernatant will be pipetted and frozen. The supernatant will be used to measure MMP-9 concentration using an immunoassay. Data will be presented as the change in MMP-9 concentration from knee aspirate collected during the initial orthopedic consult after injury and during the participant's pre-operative assessment, usually 1-7 days after the initial consult.	Up to seven days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cale Jacobs
• Collaborators: Vanderbilt University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Christian Lattermann, MD, University of Kentucky, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Lattermann C, Jacobs CA, Proffitt Bunnell M, Huston LJ, Gammon LG, Johnson DL, Reinke EK, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Spindler KP. A Multicenter Study of Early Anti-inflammatory Treatment in Patients With Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear. Am J Sports Med. 2017 Feb;45(2):325-333. doi: 10.1177/0363546516666818. Epub 2016 Oct 7.
• Lattermann C, Jacobs CA, Bunnell MP, Jochimsen KN, Abt JP, Reinke EK, Gammon LG, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Spindler KP. Logistical challenges and design considerations for studies using acute anterior cruciate ligament injury as a potential model for early posttraumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. 2017 Mar;35(3):641-650. doi: 10.1002/jor.23329. Epub 2016 Jun 30.
• King JD, Rowland G, Villasante Tezanos AG, Warwick J, Kraus VB, Lattermann C, Jacobs CA. Joint Fluid Proteome after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture Reflects an Acute Posttraumatic Inflammatory and Chondrodegenerative State. Cartilage. 2020 Jul;11(3):329-337. doi: 10.1177/1947603518790009. Epub 2018 Jul 22.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: March 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): February 5, 2017
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): February 5, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 11, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 24, 2012
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): September 25, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): December 5, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 9, 2018
• Last Verified: November 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Wounds and Injuries; Leg Injuries; Knee Injuries; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Triamcinolone; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Triamcinolone Acetonide; Triamcinolone hexacetonide; Triamcinolone diacetate
• Other Study ID Numbers: 12-0706