Evaluating the Control of COPD Symptoms in Patients Treated With Tiotropium Bromide 18mcg Once Daily Alone, ADOAIR 50/250mcg Twice Daily Alone or ADOAIR 50/250mcg Plus Tiotropium Bromide 18mcg

The purpose of this study is to assess the control of COPD using a symptom and exacerbation risk based treatment strategy based on GOLD 2011. This study is conducted in Japanese subjects with COPD and assess whether the GOLD 2011 strategy is effective in medical practice in Japan.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 50/250mcg; Drug: tiotropium bromide placebo; Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 50/250mcg and tiotropium 18mcg; Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol placebo; Drug: tiotropium bromide 18mcg

Detailed Description

PROTOCOL SUMMARY Rationale Both ADOAIR and tiotropium bromide ( hereinafter tiotropium）are now well established, effective treatments for COPD and are frequently co-prescribed (hereinafter TRIPLE therapy). The addition of ADOAIR to tiotropium improves lung function and quality of life and may further reduce exacerbations. GOLD 2011 thus recommends TRIPLE therapy as the second choice of COPD treatment strategy. However, the criteria for switching from each individual treatment to TRIPLE therapy are not clearly shown so far.

This study will be conducted in Japanese subjects with COPD and will assess whether the GOLD 2011 strategy is effective in medical practice in Japan.

Objective(s) The objective of the study is to assess the control of COPD using a symptom and exacerbation risk based treatment strategy based on GOLD 2011.

Study Design Multicenter, randomized, double-dummy, 24-weeks, observational study Study Endpoints/Assessments Primary

• Proportion of patients who were able to remain on the randomized therapy Secondary
• Proportion of patients who switched to TRIPLE therapy
• Proportion of patients who controlled by TRIPLE therapy
• Proportion of patients controlled by randomized therapy plus TRIPLE therapy
• Time to switching to TRIPLE therapy
• Time to first exacerbation
• Proportion of diagnosed exacerbation confirmed by Daily Record Card
• Proportion of exacerbations detected by Daily Record Card not diagnosed
• CAT score change
• Change in FEV1
• Use of relief medication
• Proportion of patients who decreased treatment from TRIPLE therapy
• Proportion of patients who required additional treatment to TRIPLE therapy
• Proportion of patients who dropped out
• Patients' judgment of treatment efficacy
• Physician's judgment of treatment efficacy

Safety

• Adverse event reporting
• Exacerbations of COPD

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 407
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Japan
  • Fukuoka, Japan, 814-0180
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Fukuoka, Japan, 816-0813
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hiroshima, Japan, 737-0023
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hiroshima, Japan, 734-8530
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hiroshima, Japan, 720-0001
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hiroshima, Japan, 737-0811
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hokkaido, Japan, 070-8644
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Hyogo, Japan, 670-0849
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ibaraki, Japan, 319-1113
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ibaraki, Japan, 300-0053
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ibaraki, Japan, 311-3193
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ibaraki, Japan, 309-1793
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Ibaraki, Japan, 302-0022
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kagawa, Japan, 760-0018
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kagawa, Japan, 760-8538
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kagawa, Japan, 761-8073
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kanagawa, Japan, 233-0013
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kanagawa, Japan, 253-0083
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kochi, Japan, 780-0901
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kyoto, Japan, 602-8026
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Kyoto, Japan, 610-0113
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Nara, Japan, 630-0293
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Niigata, Japan, 950-1197
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Niigata, Japan, 950-2085
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Niigata, Japan, 950-8725
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Okinawa, Japan, 901-2132
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Okinawa, Japan, 904-2143
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Okinawa, Japan, 904-2293
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Osaka, Japan, 530-0001
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Osaka, Japan, 560-0005
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Osaka, Japan, 559-0011
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Osaka, Japan, 560-8552
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Saga, Japan, 840-8571
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Shizuoka, Japan, 434-8511
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 103-0027
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 103-0028
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 158-0083
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Tokyo, Japan, 187-8510
    • GSK Investigational Site
  • Yamaguchi, Japan, 755-0241
    • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 40 years to 80 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female aged 40 - 80 years inclusive
2. Has an established clinical history of COPD (defined as per the GOLD definition)
3. The subject achieves a grade of ≥1 on mMRC at Visit 1
4. A signed and dated written informed consent is obtained from the subject prior to study participation
5. The subject has a post-bronchodilator FEV1 of ≥ 30% to ≤ 80% of predicted normal
6. The subject has a post-bronchodilator FEV1 / FVC ratio < 70%
7. The subject is a current or ex-smoker with a smoking history of > 10 pack-years Ex-smokers are required to have stopped smoking for at least 6 months prior to visit 1. Ex-smokers who stopped smoking less than 6 months ago will be defined as current smokers.
8. QTc < 450 msec at Visit 1; or for patients with bundle branch block QTc should be < 480 msec.

(QTc(F) < 450 msec, or < 480 msec in subjects with right bundle branch block, should be confirmed by the mean of three readings or one reading) 9. ALT < 2 x ULN and bilirubin/ALP ≤ 1.5 x ULN (> 35% direct bilirubin) 10. A female is eligible to enter this study if she is: i) of non-childbearing potential (i.e. physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant, including any female who is post-menopausal), or ii) of child-bearing potential, but has a negative urinary pregnancy test at screening and agrees to take contraceptive precautions (including abstinence) which are adequate to prevent pregnancy during the study iii) not a nursing mother

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a predominant asthma (comorbid asthma is not an exclusion criteria)
2. Has a medical diagnosis of narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction that in the opinion of the investigator should prevent them from entering the study Note: As with other anticholinergic drugs, subjects with narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction should only be entered into the study at the Investigator's discretion
3. Has known respiratory disorders other than COPD (e.g. lung cancer, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis or lung fibrosis)
4. Has undergone lung surgery e.g., lung transplant and/or lung volume reduction
5. Had a chest X-ray indicating diagnosis other than COPD that might interfere with the study (chest X-ray to be taken at Visit 1, if subject has not had one and/or CT image taken within 3 months of Visit 1)
6. Requires regular (daily) or long term oxygen therapy (LTOT). (LTOT is defined as ≥ 12 hours oxygen use per day)
7. Has plan to start or to change the pulmonary rehabilitation program during the study period
8. Requires regular treatment with oral, parenteral, or depot corticosteroids
9. Has serious, uncontrolled disease likely to interfere with the study (e.g. Left Ventricular failure, anaemia, renal or hepatic disease or serious psychological disorders)
10. Received any other investigational drugs within 4 weeks (or 5 half lives) prior to Visit 1
11. Has, in the opinion of the investigator, evidence of alcohol, drug or solvent abuse
12. Has a known or suspected hypersensitivity to β2-agonists, steroids, anticholinergic treatments or any components of the formulations
13. Has previously been enrolled to this study and investigational drugs has been administered
14. Is not eligible to participate this study in the opinion of the investigator/subinvestigator

The investigator must refer to the following document(s) for detailed information regarding warnings, precautions, contraindications, adverse events, and other significant data pertaining to the investigational product(s) being used in this study:

1. ADOAIR DISKUS package insert
2. Tiotropium/ HandiHaler package insert
3. Salbutamol package insert

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol; Randomised treatment at Visit 2	Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 50/250mcg; Active, 50/250mcg, Twice daily (morning and evening); Other Names: ADOAIR is a registered trade mark of the GlaxoSmithKline group of companies; Drug: tiotropium bromide placebo; Placebo, Once daily(morning); Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 50/250mcg and tiotropium 18mcg; Active. The randomized treatment may be switched to TRIPLE therapy when COPD symptoms are uncontrolled or the subject is not satisfied with the randomized treatment at each scheduled or unscheduled visit.; Other Names: TRIPLE therapy
Experimental: tiotropium bromide; Randomised treatment at Visit 2	Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol 50/250mcg and tiotropium 18mcg; Active. The randomized treatment may be switched to TRIPLE therapy when COPD symptoms are uncontrolled or the subject is not satisfied with the randomized treatment at each scheduled or unscheduled visit.; Other Names: TRIPLE therapy; Drug: fluticasone propionate/salmeterol placebo; Placebo, Twice daily (morning and evening); Drug: tiotropium bromide 18mcg; Active, 18mcg, Once daily(morning)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants Who Were Able to Remain on the Randomized Treatment	The randomized treatment could be switched to TRIPLE therapy in the case that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not controlled by the randomized treatment. Participants on TRIPLE therapy received SAL/FLU 50/250 µg BID plus TIO 18 µg QD together. The percentage of participants who were able to remain on the randomized treatment was calculated by the following formula: 100 minus percentage of participants who switched over to TRIPLE therapy.	24 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percentage of Participants Who Switched to TRIPLE Therapy	Switched to TRIPLE therapy is defined as: 1. Date of switch: when SAL/FLU or TIO was administered additionally to randomised treatment. 2. Date of randomisation was a start point and timing of switching (first switch if there are more than once) to TRIPLE was event. For participants without switching, last day of study or follow up period was regarded as censored. Percentage of participants who switched to TRIPLE therapy was calculated as: number of participants who switched to TRIPLE therapy divided by number of evaluable population and then multiplied by 100.	24 weeks
Percentage of Participants Managed by TRIPLE Therapy	Percentage of participants managed by TRIPLE therapy was calculated as [(number of participants who switched to TRIPLE therapy) - (number of participants who stepped down)/ number of evaluable population]*100	24 weeks
Continuation Percentage of Participants Managed by Randomized Treatment Plus TRIPLE Therapy	The randomized treatment could be switched to TRIPLE therapy in the case that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was not controlled by the randomized treatment. Participants on TRIPLE therapy received SAL/FLU 50/250 µg BID plus TIO 18 µg QD together. Continuation TRIPLE proportion is defined as [(number of subjects who switched to TRIPLE) - (number of subjects who stepped down)/ number of evaluable population]*100. Randomised treatment continuation proportion is calculated by a formula: (100 - switch proportion).	24 weeks
Time to First Switching to TRIPLE Therapy	The day of first switch to TRIPLE therapy (SAL/FLU 50/250 µg BID+TIO 18 µg QD) for the first switching participant in each arm.	24 weeks
Time to First Exacerbation by Physician's Diagnosis	The day of detection of first exacerbation in any participant in each arm as diagnosed by physician. Exacerbation is defined primarily by physician's judgment. Date of randomisation will be start point and timing of exacerbation (first exacerbation if there are more than one) will be event. For subjects without exacerbation, last day of study or follow up period is regarded as censor.	24 weeks
Time to First Exacerbation by EXAcerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT)	The EXAcerbations of Chronic pulmonary disease Tool (EXACT) is a 14-item patient-reported outcome (PRO) daily diary used to quantify and measure exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Reported as units on a 0 [best health status] to 100 [worst possible status] scale). The day of detection of first exacerbation in any participant in each arm by EXACT.	24 weeks
EXACT Total Score.	EXACT is a 14-item patient questionnaire used as a measure of respiratory symptoms (reported as units on a 0 [best health status] to 100 [worst possible status] scale). Scores were assessed at Baseline, Week 1-4, Week 5-8, Week 9-12, Week 13-16, Week 17-20 and Week 21-24. Daily EXACT total score is obtained as total score of 14 items from diary. Daily E-RS total score as 11 items and Daily E-RS subscale scores are subset of E-RS total score. Mean EXACT total score is mean value of daily EXACT total score within subject by every 4 weeks(Week1-4, Week5-8, Week9-12, Week13-16, Week17-20, Week21-24). Same calculation of mean values are applied to E-RS total and E-RS subscale scores.	Baseline and up to 24 weeks
EXACT Respiratory Symptoms (E-RS) Total Score	The E-RS total score is an 11-item patient questionnaire, which provides information specific to respiratory symptoms-severity of respiratory symptoms overall and severity of breathlessness, cough and sputum, and chest symptoms. Scores were assessed at Baseline, Week 1-4, Week 5-8, Week 9-12, Week 13-16, Week 17-20 and at Week 21-24. Daily EXACT total score is obtained as total score of 14 items from diary. Daily E-RS total score as 11 items and Daily E-RS subscale scores are subset of E-RS total score. Mean EXACT total score is mean value of daily EXACT total score within subject by every 4 weeks(Week1-4, Week5-8, Week9-12, Week13-16, Week17-20, Week21-24). Same calculation of mean values are applied to E-RS total and E-RS subscale scores. Scores range from 0-100, high value in score indicate worse outcome.	Baseline and up to 24 weeks
E-RS Subscale Score	The E-RS total score is an 11-item patient questionnaire, which provides information specific to respiratory symptoms-severity of respiratory symptoms overall and severity of breathlessness, cough and sputum, and chest symptoms. The E-RS subscale scores for respiratory symptoms (RS)-breathlessness (RS-BRL), RS-cough and sputum (RS-CSP), and RS-chest symptoms (RS-CSY) are presented. Scores were assessed at Baseline, Week 1-4, Week 5-8, Week 9-12, Week 13-16, Week 17-20 and at Week 21-24. Daily EXACT total score is obtained as total score of 14 items from diary. Daily E-RS total score as 11 items and Daily E-RS subscale scores are subset of E-RS total score. Mean EXACT total score is mean value of daily EXACT total score within subject by every 4 weeks(Week1-4, Week5-8, Week9-12, Week13-16, Week17-20, Week21-24). Same calculation of mean values are applied to E-RS total and E-RS subscale scores. RS total scores range from 0 to 40, high value in score indicate worse outcome.	24 weeks
Comparison of Number of Exacerbations Between Two Detection Methods: EXACT and Physician Diagnosis	The comparison of number of exacerbation between two detection methods EXACT and physician diagnosis: number of exacerbations detected by EXACT and number of exacerbations judged by physician.	24 weeks
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Assessment Test (CAT) Total Score	Participants were assessed for COPD symptoms by means of CAT at each Visit. This assessment was performed prior to the spirometry testing. A CAT total score of less than 10 represents best health status and greater than 15 represents worst health status. Scores were assessed at Visit 1 (Screening), Visit 2 (Baseline), Visit 3 (Week 4), Visit 4 (Week 8), Visit 5 (Week 8), Visit 6 (Week 12), Visit 7 (Week 16), and Visit 8 (Week 24). Scores range from 0 to 40, high value in score indicate worse outcome.	24 weeks
Change From Baseline in CAT Total Score	Participants were assessed for COPD symptoms by means of CAT at each Visit. This assessment was performed prior to the spirometry testing. A CAT total score of less than 10 represents best health status and greater than 15 represents worst health status. Baseline was the value at Visit 2 (randomization). Change from Baseline was calculated as specific timepoint value minus Visit 2 value. Scores were assessed at Visit 2 (Baseline), Visit 3 (Week 4), Visit 4 (Week 8), Visit 5 (Week 8), Visit 6 (Week 12), Visit 7 (Week 16), and Visit 8 (Week 24). Scores range from 0 to 40, high value in score indicate worse outcome.	Baseline and up to 24 weeks
Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1)	FEV1 is defined as the volume of air forcefully expelled from the lungs in one second. At Screening (Visit 1) spirometric assessments were conducted before (Visit 1A) and 30 to 60 minutes after a bronchodilator challenge (400 µg of salbutamol) (Visit 1B). FEV1 during each visit are presented. FEV1 was assessed at Visit 1A (Screening), Visit 1B (Screening), Visit 2 (Baseline), Visit 3 (Week 4), Visit 4 (Week 8), Visit 5 (Week 8), Visit 6 (Week 12), Visit 7 (Week 16), and Visit 8 (Week 24).	Up to 24 weeks
Change From Baseline in FEV1	FEV1 is defined as the volume of air forcefully expelled from the lungs in one second. Baseline was a value at Visit 2 (randomization). Change from Baseline was calculated as specific timepoint value minus Visit 2 value. FEV1 was assessed at Visit 2 (Baseline), Visit 3 (Week 4), Visit 4 (Week 8), Visit 5 (Week 8), Visit 6 (Week 12), Visit 7 (Week 16), and Visit 8 (Week 24).	Baseline (Visit 2) and up to 24 weeks
Percentage of Participants Who Used Relief Medication (Salbutamol)	Each evening participants recorded the number of occasions in the last 24 hours when they used their salbutamol for symptomatic relief of COPD symptoms. The percentage of participants who used relief medication in the study are presented.	24 weeks
Percentage of Participants Who Stepped Down From TRIPLE Therapy to Initial Randomized Treatment	The percentage of participants who stepped down from TRIPLE therapy to initial randomized treatment was calculated as number of participants who step-down from TRIPLE therapy divided by number of participants who switch to TRIPLE therapy and then multiplied by 100.	24 weeks
Percentage of Participants Who Required Additional Treatment to TRIPLE Therapy	The percentage of participants who required additional treatment to TRIPLE therapy is defined as number of participants who took additional medicine or therapy in TRIPLE therapy divided by number of participants who switch to TRIPLE therapy multiplied by 100.	24 weeks
Percentage of Participants Who Dropped Out	The percentage of participants who were withdrawn from the study.	24 weeks
Number of Participants in Each Treatment Efficacy Grade Evaluated by Participants	Participants evaluated treatment efficacy by using the following grades: significantly improved (SII), moderately improved (MOI), mildly improved (MII), no change (NC), mildly worse (MIW), moderately worse (MOW), and significantly worse (SIW). Treatment efficacy was assessed at Visit 3 (Week 4), Visit 4 (Week 8), Visit 5 (Week 8), Visit 6 (Week 12), Visit 7 (Week 16), and Visit 8 (Week 24).	Up to 24 weeks
Number of Participants in Each Treatment Efficacy Grade Evaluated by Physician	Physician evaluated treatment efficacy by using the following grades: significantly improved (SII), moderately improved (MOI), mildly improved (MII), no change (NC), mildly worse (MIW), moderately worse (MOW), and significantly worse (SIW). Treatment efficacy was assessed at Visit 3 (Week 4), Visit 4 (Week 8), Visit 5 (Week 8), Visit 6 (Week 12), Visit 7 (Week 16), and Visit 8 (Week 24).	24 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Betsuyaku T, Kato M, Fujimoto K, Hagan G, Kobayashi A, Hitosugi H, James M, Jones PW. A study to assess COPD Symptom-based Management and to Optimise treatment Strategy in Japan (COSMOS-J) based on GOLD 2011. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2013;8:453-9. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S48298. Epub 2013 Oct 3.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): September 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 6, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): January 8, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): November 10, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 23, 2016
• Last Verified: August 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Adrenergic Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Parasympatholytics; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Cholinergic Antagonists; Cholinergic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Adrenergic Agonists; Dermatologic Agents; Anticonvulsants; Bronchodilator Agents; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Anti-Allergic Agents; Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Sympathomimetics; Fluticasone; Xhance; Salmeterol Xinafoate; Fluticasone-Salmeterol Drug Combination; Tiotropium Bromide; Bromides
• Other Study ID Numbers: 116717