Phase 2 Study of Bevacizumab in Children and Young Adults With NF 2 and Progressive Vestibular Schwannomas

Open-label, Phase 2 Study of Bevacizumab in Children and Young Adults With Neurofibromatosis 2 and Progressive Vestibular Schwannomas That Are Poor Candidates for Standard Treatment With Surgery or Radiation

To determine the hearing response rate at 24 weeks after treatment with bevacizumab for symptomatic vestibular schwannomas (VS) in children and young adults with Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF 2).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Neurofibromatosis Type 2; Progressive Vestibular Schwannomas
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Bevacizumab

Detailed Description

Subjects will be treated with open-label bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 24 weeks (induction therapy). Clinical response will be assessed by audiology and MRI at weeks 12 and 24. Subjects with hearing decline at weeks 12 or 24 will be taken off of protocol. At week 24, patients with a clinical response or stable disease (together comprising "clinical benefit") will transition to maintenance therapy with bevacizumab. During the maintenance phase, subjects will be treated with open-label bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 72 weeks. Subjects will be followed with audiology and MRI scans every 12 weeks. The total time of the study will be 96 weeks (24 weeks induction + 72 weeks maintenance).

Subjects will be allowed to increase their bevacizumab dose to 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks during maintenance therapy if they experience hearing decline during maintenance therapy (defined as decrease in word recognition score below the 95% critical difference compared with the word recognition score at baseline, Appendix A). Subjects will be taken off of study if their word recognition score does not remain within the 95% critical difference after receiving bevacizumab 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 22
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
      • Children's Hospital Los Angeles
  • District of Columbia
    • Washington, District of Columbia, United States, 20010
      • Children's National Medical Center
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30324
      • Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
      • University of Chicago
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • Indiana Unversity
  • Maryland
    • Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892
      • National Cancer Institute (NCI)
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
      • Children' Hospital Boston and Massachusetts General Hospital
  • Missouri
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110
      • Washington University - St. Louis
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • New York University Medical Center
  • Ohio
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45229-4006
      • Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19096
      • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84132
      • University of Utah

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 6 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria - Participants must meet the following criteria on screening examination to be eligible to participate in the study:

• Patients must have a confirmed diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 2 by fulfilling National Institute of Health (NIH) criteria or Manchester criteria, or by detection of a causative mutation in the Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene.
• Patients must have measurable disease, defined as at least one VS > 1.0 ml (on volumetric analysis) that can be accurately measured by contrast-enhanced cranial MRI scan with fine cuts through the internal auditory canal (3 mm slices, no skip).
• Age 6 years or greater (no upper limit) on day 1 of treatment. Given the potential risk of long-term bevacizumab use, children under age 6 are not eligible for treatment. No upper limit for adults.
• Life expectancy of greater than 1 year.
• Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70.
• Participants must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below with definitions micro liter (mcL), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT):
• Leukocytes > 3,000/mcL
• Absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/mcL
• Platelets > 100,000/mcL
• Total bilirubin within normal institutional limits
• AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) < 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
• Patients must have a creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ≥60ml/min/1.73 m2 or a normal serum creatinine based on age described in the table below:

• Age Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) 6 to < 10 years 1(Male) 1(Female) 10 to < 13 years 1.2(Male) 1.2(Female) 13 to < 16 years 1.5(Male) 1.4(Female

  ≥ 16 years 1.7(Male) 1.4(Female)

• Subjects must have a target VS with the following qualities:
• Not amenable to surgery due to patient refusal, high risk for surgical complications (e.g., damage to lower cranial nerve function, tumor size > 3 cm in longest diameter, or multilobulated tumor appearance on MRI scan).
• Associated with a word recognition score of < 85%
• Documented clinical progression defined as EITHER:
• Progressive hearing loss (defined as a decline in word recognition score below the 95% critical difference interval from baseline score [Appendix A] related to VS (i.e., not due to prior interventions such as surgery or radiation)

OR

• Progressive tumor growth in the preceding 18 months, defined as ≥ 20% increase in volume
• The effects of bevacizumab on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason and because bevacizumab agents are known to be teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign written informed consent and assent documents.
• Must have established relationship with primary care physician and provide contact information

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants who exhibit any of the following conditions at screening will not be eligible for admission into the study.
• Patients who have had chemotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) prior to entering the study or those who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered more than 4 weeks earlier. Prior radiation treatment to the target vestibular schwannoma is allowed if provided 3 years prior to participation in the clinical trial. Prior radiation treatment to non-target tumors is allowed.
• Participants may not be receiving any other study agents.
• Patients with nervous system tumors associated with NF2 (e.g., schwannomas, meningiomas, ependymomas, or gliomas) will not be excluded from this clinical trial unless (in the opinion of the investigator) these tumors are growing and are likely to require treatment during the clinical trial.
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to bevacizumab.
• Patients with known hypersensitivity of Chinese hamster ovary cell products, other recombinant human antibodies, or compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to bevacizumab.
• Inability to tolerate periodic MRI scans or gadolinium contrast.
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing or active infection, unstable angina pectoris, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
• History of arterial/myocardial disease.
• Clinically significant cardiovascular disease, such as:
• Inadequately controlled hypertension (HTN) (for adults: Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) > 160 mmHg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) > 90 mmHg despite antihypertensive medication; for children: please refer to Appendix D for age-appropriate values indicating ≥ Grade 2)
• History of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) within 12 months
• Myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 12 months
• New York heart association grade II or greater congestive heart failure
• Serious and inadequately controlled cardiac arrhythmia
• Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm, history of aortic dissection)
• Clinically significant peripheral vascular disease
• Pregnant women are excluded from this study because bevacizumab is an anti-angiogenic agent with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk of adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with bevacizumab, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with bevacizumab. These potential risks may also apply to other agents used in this study.
• HIV-positive patients or cancer survivors are eligible for this study if they fulfill all other eligibility criteria.
• Concurrent use of anti-coagulant drugs (not including prophylactic doses), history of coagulopathy, or evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy.
• Imaging (CT or MRI) evidence of hemorrhage deemed significant by the treating physician (> grade 1). Subjects with history of central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhage are not eligible.
• Urine protein should be screened by urine analysis for Urine Protein Creatinine (UPC) ratio. For UPC ratio > 0.5, 24-hour urine protein should be obtained and the level should be <1000 mg for patient enrollment.
• Serious or non-healing wound, ulcer or bone fracture.
• History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra-abdominal abscess within 6 months prior to day 1.
• Invasive procedures defined as follows:
• Major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to Day 1 therapy
• Brain biopsy within 28 days prior to day 1 of therapy (wounds must be fully healed from brain biopsies performed more than 28 days prior to day 1 of therapy)
• Anticipation of need for major surgical procedures during the course of the study
• Core biopsy within 7 days prior to D1 therapy
• Prior treatment with bevacizumab.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Experimental: Bevacizumab; Follow participant for 2 years and assess hearing response rates

Drug: Bevacizumab; Treatment will be administered on an outpatient basis. Bevacizumab is administered by IV infusion at a dose of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 24 weeks (induction therapy, see Schema). One cycle lasts 28 days and includes two infusions of bevacizumab. Clinical response will be assessed by audiology and MRI at weeks 12 and 24. Subjects with hearing decline at weeks 12 and 24 will be taken off of protocol. After week 24, patients with a clinical response or stable disease (together comprising "clinical benefit") will transition to maintenance therapy with bevacizumab. During the maintenance phase, subjects will be treated with open-label bevacizumab 5 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 72 weeks. Subjects will be followed with audiology and MRI scans every 12 weeks. The total time of the study will be 96 weeks (24 weeks induction + 72 weeks maintenance).; Other Names: Avastin®; rhuMAb; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Improvement in Hearing	Number of participants with a statistically significant increase in word recognition score on audiology compared to baseline.	6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Adverse Events	Number of participants with adverse events occurring in at least 10% of participants during induction therapy.	6 months
Tolerability of Bevacizumab During Induction (High Dose) Therapy	Number of participants who did not stop treatment due to side effects or by participant/provider choice during induction period.	6 months
Durability of Hearing Response During Maintenance (Low Dose) Therapy	Number of participants with hearing improvement during induction therapy who maintained hearing improvement relative to baseline during maintenance therapy as measured by word recognition score.	2 years
Changes in Pure Tone Average (PTA) on Audiology Compared With Baseline, Measured in Decibels (dBHL).	Increase in pure tone average represents worsening of hearing and decrease in pure tone average represents improvement of hearing. Range for for pure tone average (PTA) is 0-110 dBHL (decibels).	Weeks 25, 49, 73, 98
Changes in Distress Related to Tinnitus During Induction (High Dose) Treatment.	Self-reported distress measured using the tinnitus reaction questionnaire (TRQ). TRQ has 26 questions measured on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not at all) to 4 (almost all of the time). The total score is the sum of the responses with higher scores indicating more reported distress.	6 months (induction phase)
Durability of Radiographic Response	Count of participants who achieved a 20% or more reduction in tumor volume over baseline during induction (high dose) therapy and maintained this decrease during maintenance (low dose) therapy (decline in tumor volume from baseline of 20% or more).	2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
• Collaborators: Genentech, Inc.
• Investigators: Study Chair: Scott Plotkin, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 15, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 1, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): February 1, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 7, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 10, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): January 14, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 12, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2021
• Last Verified: January 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Neurofibromatosis Type 2; Progressive Vestibular Schwannomas
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Nervous System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Neuromuscular Diseases; Otorhinolaryngologic Neoplasms; Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Ear Diseases; Nervous System Neoplasms; Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Cranial Nerve Diseases; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms; Neurocutaneous Syndromes; Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms; Cranial Nerve Neoplasms; Neuroma; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases; Retrocochlear Diseases; Neurofibromatoses; Neurofibromatosis 1; Neurofibroma; Neurofibromatosis 2; Neurilemmoma; Neuroma, Acoustic; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Bevacizumab; Endothelial Growth Factors
• Other Study ID Numbers: AVF4807; W81XWH-12-1-0155 (Other Grant/Funding Number: Dept. of Defense - US Army)