TDCS for Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

tDCS for Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

The purpose of the present research is to test a potential new treatment for auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia that uses transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), a neurostimulation technique that passes an extremely weak electric current through the brain. During the treatment, two electrodes are positioned on the scalp above regions of the brain implicated in abnormal cortical activity associated with auditory verbal hallucinations in schizophrenia. Due to the directional flow of current, one electrode, termed "cathodal",inhibits cortical activity, and the other, termed "anodal", increases cortical activity. These electrodes will be placed such that cathodal stimulation is applied to an area associated with hyperactivity and anodal stimulation to an area associated with hypoactivity. One preliminary study has revealed that this form of neurostimulation can alleviate auditory verbal hallucination symptoms both immediately following five days of treatment and up to three months after the final treatment. The goal of this study is to replicate these effects and explore the mechanisms that may underpin them.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Schizophrenia
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS); Device: Sham tDCS

Detailed Description

90 patients with persistent auditory verbal hallucinations will be recruited to this study. Each individual will participate in behavioral assessments lasting up to 3 hours each and will then be randomized to receive a series of active vs. sham tDCS treatments. For active treatment, patients will have the inhibitory (cathodal) tDCS electrode placed over left auditory cortex relative to an anodal placed over frontal cortex on the right side. tDCS treatments will take place for 20 min per day for 5 consecutive days. For sham, procedures will be similar except that sham (inactive) tDCS treatment will be used. Assessment batteries will then be repeated following completion of treatment and at 1 and 3 mo following treatment. In addition, patients will be offered the possibility to participate in a concurrent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study aimed at evaluating the effects of tDCS on activation of auditory cortex during an auditory discrimination task as well as on other imaging parameters related to resting brain activity and metabolism. Patients who agree to participate in this MRI study will be scanned before and after active or sham tDCS. In addition, 5-15 schizophrenia patients will complete a week of High-density, e.g., "high-definition" tDCS (HD-tDCS) open label.

In addition to hallucinating patients, we will recruit up to 20 healthy controls and 20 non-hallucinating patients, who will have similar assessments to the patients, but will not receive tDCS.

Overall, the investigators hypothesize that tDCS treatment will lead to reduction in hallucinations, improvement in auditory function, and change in EEG and MRI measurements so that patients more closely resemble healthy volunteers and non-hallucinating patients.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 89
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • New York State Psychiatric Institute
    • Orangeburg, New York, United States, 10962
      • Nathan Kline Institute

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 55 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age between 18-55
• Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders (SCID) primary diagnosis of DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Version IV) schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
• Persistent auditory verbal hallucinations
• Right handed
• Stable antipsychotic medication for > 4 weeks
• Normal hearing
• If female and not infertile, must agree to use one of the following forms of contraception for the duration of study participation: systemic hormonal treatment, an interuterine device (IUD) which was implanted at least 2 months prior to screening, or "double-barrier" contraception
• Willing/capacity to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

• Substance dependence or abuse (excluding nicotine) in the past 90 days
• Current significant laboratory abnormality
• History of seizure, epilepsy in self or fist degree relatives, stroke, brain surgery, head injury with loss of consciousness > 1 hour or clear cognitive sequelae, intracranial metal implants, known structural brain lesion, devices that may be affected by transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) (pacemaker, medication pump, cochlear implant, implanted brain stimulator)
• Frequent and persistent migraines
• History of adverse reaction to neurostimulation or open skin wounds that would preclude safe placement of tDCS electrodes
• Participation in study of investigational medication/device within 4 weeks
• Current use of medications known to lower seizure threshold (lithium, serotonergic or tricyclic antidepressants)
• If female, pregnant or breast feeding at the time of screening
• For MRI study only: Claustrophobia or metal implants or paramagnetic objects contained within the body which may interfere with the MRI scan, as determined according to the guidelines set forth in the following reference book: "Guide to MR procedures and metallic objects" Shellock, PhD, Lippincott-Raven press, NY 1998

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: TRIPLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) treatments will take place for 20 minutes per day for 5 consecutive days	Device: transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS); A neurostimulation technique that passes an extremely weak electric current through the brain.; Other Names: BrainStim SYS
Sham Comparator: Sham tDCS; Sham tDCS(inactive)treatment (transcranial Direct Current Stimulation) will take place for 20 minutes per day for 5 consecutive days.	Device: Sham tDCS; Sham (inactive) tDCS treatment

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Severity of Refractory Auditory Hallucinations	Total score: Auditory hallucinations as determined by Auditory Hallucinations Rating Scale (AHRS). This is a seven item scale rating auditory hallucinations. Total score ranges from 1 to 41, with higher scores more severe.	Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale score after one month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: New York State Psychiatric Institute
• Collaborators: Stanley Medical Research Institute
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Daniel C Javitt, MD, Nathan Kline Institute, New York State Psychiatric Institute

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kantrowitz JT, Sehatpour P, Avissar M, Horga G, Gwak A, Hoptman MJ, Beggel O, Girgis RR, Vail B, Silipo G, Carlson M, Javitt DC. Significant improvement in treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations after 5 days of double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, fronto-temporal, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): A replication/extension study. Brain Stimul. 2019 Jul-Aug;12(4):981-991. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.03.003. Epub 2019 Mar 5.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 14, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): August 14, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 12, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 10, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): July 12, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 23, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 19, 2020
• Last Verified: March 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Schizophrenia
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders; Perceptual Disorders; Schizophrenia; Hallucinations
• Other Study ID Numbers: 6662