High Intensity Interval Versus Continuous Moderate Intensity Training: Maximizing the Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adolescents (HIIT-MAX)

High Intensity Interval Versus Continuous Moderate Intensity Training: Maximizing the Benefits of Exercise in Overweight Adolescents.

6-week, single site, two parallel arm, randomized, controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) versus a continuous Moderate Intensity Training (MIT) program on cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes in overweight adolescent males. HIIT training may be a potent time-efficient strategy to induce similar metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations typically associated with MIT.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Physical Fitness; Metabolism
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: High Intensity Interval Training; Other: Moderate Intensity Training

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294
      • UAB Physiology Lab

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 17 years to 22 years (ADULT, CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Ages 17-22
• Men
• BMI (25.0 - 35.0 kg/m2)
• Interested in improving health and fitness

Exclusion Criteria:

• Weight loss or gain of >10% of body weight in the past 6 months for any reason.
• Currently taking medication that suppresses or stimulates appetite.
• History of prior surgical procedure for weight control or liposuction.
• Current smoker.

Any major disease, including:

• Active cancer or cancer requiring treatment in the past 2 years (except nonmelanoma skin cancer).
• Active or chronic infections, including self-reported HIV positivity and active tuberculosis.
• Diagnosed heart conditions.
• Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure 95 mm Hg on treatment.
• Gastrointestinal disease, including self-reported chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis, any episode of alcoholic hepatitis or alcoholic pancreatitis within past year, inflammatory bowel disease requiring treatment in the past year, recent or significant abdominal surgery (e.g., gastrectomy).
• Asthma.

• Diagnosed diabetes (type 1 or 2), fasting impaired glucose tolerance (blood glucose 118 mg/dL), or use of any anti-diabetic medications.

  • Conditions or behaviors likely to effect the conduct of the trial: unable or unwilling to give informed consent; unable to communicate with the pertinent clinic staff; unwilling to accept treatment assignment by randomization; current or anticipated participation in another intervention research project that would interfere with the intervention offered in the trial; likely to move away from participating clinics before trial completed; unable to walk 0.25 mile in 10 minutes.
  • Currently taking antidepressant, steroid, or thyroid medication, unless dosage is stable (no change for 6 months).
  • Any active use of illegal or illicit drugs.
  • Excessive alcohol intake defined as an average consumption of 3 or more alcohol containing beverages daily.
  • Unwilling to limit alcohol intake to ≤2 drink per day (one drink = 4 oz. wine, 12 oz. beer, or ½ shot of liquor).
  • Current exerciser (>30 min organized exercise per week).
  • Indication of unsuitability of current health for exercise protocol (PARQ).
  • Any other conditions which, in opinion of the investigators, would adversely affect the conduct of the trial.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: High Intensity Interval Training; Participants will perform the HIIT protocol on an electronically-braked cycle ergometer (Quinton Excalibur, Quinton Instrument Company, Bothell, WA). Participants will perform a 20-minute protocol, consisting of four minutes of cycling at 15% of maximum anaerobic power (Max-AP) followed by 30 seconds at 85% of Max-AP. These workloads will be based upon pre-trial Wingate tests. This cycle was repeated four times within each protocol, ending with two minutes at 15% of Max-AP. This will be performed 3d/wk for 6wks, with at least 24 hrs between each session.	Other: High Intensity Interval Training
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Moderate Intensity Training; Participants will perform 45-60 min (graduated over time to 60) of continuous cycling at 65% of VO¬2peak on a Monark cycle ergometer. Workload will be based upon pre-trial VO¬2peak testing. MIT exercise will be performed 5d/wk for 6wks.	Other: Moderate Intensity Training

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Body Composition as measured by DXA	Baseline and 6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Body Weight		Baseline and 6 weeks
Blood Pressure		Baseline and 6 weeks
Body Mass Index		Baseline and 6 weeks
Peak uptake of volume of oxygen		Baseline and 6 weeks
Wingate Cycle test		Baseline and 6 weeks
LDL Cholesterol		Baseline and 6 weeks
HDL Cholesterol		Baseline and 6 weeks
Triglycerides		Baseline and 6 weeks
Glucose		Baseline and 6 weeks
Insulin		Baseline and 6 weeks
Ghrelin		Baseline and 6 weeks
Leptin		Baseline and 6 weeks
Adiponectin		Baseline and 6 weeks
PYY		Baseline and 6 weeks
IL-6		Baseline and 6 weeks
TNF-alpha		Baseline and 6 weeks
Total antioxidant capacity		Baseline and 6 weeks
Protein Carbonyls	ELISA assay purchased from NW LifeSciences. Prior to analysis, all serum samples were assayed for protein concentration based on the methods of Bradford and adjusted to 4 mg・mL-1 protein using a phosphate buffer. Protein carbonyls, a measure of protein oxidation, were analyzed in duplicate in 50 μl of sera using a commercially available ELISA kit (NWK-PCK01).The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were 2.7 % and 5%. The lower detection limit of the assay was 0.1 nmol/mg.	Baseline and 6 weeks
Free living energy expenditure as measured by accelerometer		Baseline and 6 weeks
Appetite/satiety measures	composite score	baseline & 6 weeks
Quality & satisfaction with life	composite score	baseline & 6 weeks
Rate of perceived exertion during exercise via Borg Scale		baseline and 6 weeks
24-hour dietary recall		pre-baseline, baseline, 6 weeks
Self Motivation Inventory		baseline and 6 weeks
Profile of Mood States		baseline & 6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Alabama at Birmingham
• Collaborators: The Coca-Cola Company

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Fisher G, Brown AW, Bohan Brown MM, Alcorn A, Noles C, Winwood L, Resuehr H, George B, Jeansonne MM, Allison DB. High Intensity Interval- vs Moderate Intensity- Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health in Overweight or Obese Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 21;10(10):e0138853. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138853. eCollection 2015.

Helpful Links

• UAB Nutrition Obesity Research Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): October 1, 2014
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): December 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 20, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 30, 2013
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): September 5, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): January 12, 2016
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 8, 2016
• Last Verified: January 1, 2016

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: insulin sensitivity; obesity; aerobic exercise; high intensity interval training; cardiovascular fitness
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Body Weight; Overweight
• Other Study ID Numbers: F121101004