A Vaccine (CDX-1401) With or Without a Biologic Drug (CDX-301) for the Treatment of Patients With Stage IIB-IV Melanoma

A Phase II, Open-Label, Multicenter, Randomized Study of CDX-1401, a Dendritic Cell Targeting NY-ESO-1 Vaccine, in Patients With Malignant Melanoma Pre-Treated With Recombinant CDX-301, a Recombinant Human Flt3 Ligand

This phase II trial studies the effect of a vaccine called CDX-1401 given with or without a biologic drug called CDX-301 in treating patients with stage IIB-IV melanoma. The cancer vaccine CDX-1401 attaches to a protein that is made in tumor cells. The vaccine helps the body recognize the tumor to fight the cancer. The biologic drug CDX-301 may help the body make more of the tumor fighting cells, known as dendritic cells. Another biologic drug, poly-ICLC, may stimulate the immune system and help these dendritic cells mature so that they can recognize the tumor. Giving CDX-301 may make the immune response to a combination of CDX-1401 and poly-ICLC better.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Melanoma; Stage III Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage IV Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7; Ocular Melanoma; Stage IIIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Melanoma of Unknown Primary; Cutaneous Melanoma; Mucosal Melanoma; Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage IIIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v7; Stage IIB Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IIC Cutaneous Melanoma AJCC v6 and v7
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Poly ICLC; Biological: DEC-205/NY-ESO-1 Fusion Protein CDX-1401; Biological: Recombinant Flt3 Ligand

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine whether the immune response to NY-ESO-1 elicited by vaccination with DEC-205/NY-ESO-1 fusion protein CDX-1401 (CDX-1401) plus polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid stabilized with poly-L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) is substantially increased by prior expansion in the number of circulating dendritic cells (DC) by therapy with recombinant Flt3 ligand (CDX-301) (fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand [Flt3L]).

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the effect of the vaccine regimen on immune responses to other ongoing and nascent antitumor response antigens associated with melanoma (e.g., PRAME, MAGE-A3, p53, and gp100) as well as memory viral responses (influenza A) and chronic viral responses (cytomegalovirus [CMV], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]).

II. To assess the effect of the vaccine regimen on the frequency and phenotypic character of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets including DCs, monocyte populations, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.

III. To assess the safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy of the vaccine regimens.

OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: Patients receive recombinant Flt3 ligand (CDX-301) subcutaneously (SC) on days -7 to -1, 1-3, and 22-28 of cycle 1 and only on days 1-3 of cycle 2. Patients also receive CDX-1401 SC or intradermally (ID) on day 1 of each cycle and poly-ICLC SC on days 1-2 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

ARM II: Patients receive CDX-1401 and poly-ICLC as in Arm I. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 4 and 12 weeks and then annually thereafter.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
      • University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10029
      • Mount Sinai Hospital
    • New York, New York, United States, 10016
      • Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Langone
  • North Carolina
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Duke University Medical Center
  • Ohio
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Foundation
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97213
      • Providence Portland Medical Center
  • Wisconsin
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with fully resected stage IIb through IV melanoma, with melanoma validated by histology or cytology, who have NOT received prior therapy.

  • Patients may have had primary cutaneous, mucosal, or ocular melanoma or metastasis from an unknown primary site.
  • Tissue should be submitted for evaluation of NY-ESO-1 expression and T-cell infiltrates. However, availability of tissue and/or positivity for NY-ESO-1 is not mandatory.
• Prior radiation, chemotherapy or biologics NOT allowed
• Not currently receiving any anticancer therapy

• Age >= 18 years

  • Because no dosing or adverse event (AE) data are currently available on the use of CDX-1401 or CDX-301 in patients < 18 years of age, children are excluded from this study, but will be eligible for future pediatric trials.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score of 0-1
• Life expectancy of at least 6 months
• Leukocytes >= 3,000/mcL
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,000/mcL
• Platelets >= 75,000/mcL
• Hemoglobin > 9 g/dL
• Total bilirubin < 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (bilirubin < 3 x institutional upper limit of normal for Gilbert's syndrome)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)(serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)(serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 2.5 x institutional upper limit of normal
• Creatinine < 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal OR creatinine clearance >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal

• The first six patients enrolled in the Flt3L arm of the study cannot be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive. After the evaluation of safety in the first 6 patients, HIV-positive patients with adequate immune function as evidenced by stable CD4 counts >= 350/mm^3 are allowed to participate if the following criteria are met:

  • maintained on stable antiretroviral therapy with no significant drug interactions, and
  • no recent history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) indicator conditions (> 2 years from enrolling in trial), and
  • physician providing patient's care for HIV must also approve of patient entering the study

• Females of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days before the initiation of protocol therapy.

  • The effects of CDX-1401 or CDX-301 on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control or abstinence) before study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception before the study, for the duration of study participation, and 4 months after completion of CDX-1401 or CDX-301 administration.
  • NOTE: Subjects are considered not of child-bearing potential if they are surgically sterile, they have undergone a hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation, or bilateral oophorectomy, or they are postmenopausal. Menopause is the age associated with complete cessation of menstrual cycles, menses, and implies the loss of reproductive potential. By a practical definition, it assumes menopause after 1 year without menses with an appropriate clinical profile at the appropriate age.
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, interferon (IFN), or ipilimumab before entering the study
• Immunosuppressive therapy within 30 days prior to initiation of protocol therapy

• Steroid therapy, or steroid therapy with more than 7 consecutive days of steroids within the prior 4 weeks

  • The use of prednisone or equivalent < 0.125 mg/kg/day (absolute maximum of 10 mg/day) as replacement therapy is permitted
  • Inhaled or topical corticosteroids are permitted
• Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents

• Current or history of systemic autoimmune disease requiring systemic therapy.

  • NOTE: The following will not be exclusionary:

    • The presence of laboratory evidence of autoimmune disease (e.g., positive antinuclear antibody [ANA] titer) without associated symptoms
    • Clinical evidence of vitiligo
    • Other forms of depigmenting illness
• Cardiovascular disease that meets one of the following: congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV), active angina pectoris, or recent myocardial infarction (within the last 6 months)

• Cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis C virus positivity or chronic hepatitis B infection

  • NOTE: A positive hepatitis B serology indicative of previous immunization (i.e., hepatitis B virus surface antibody [HBsAb]-positive and hepatitis B virus core antibody [HBcAb]-negative), or a fully resolved acute hepatitis B virus infection is not an exclusion criterion
• Known history of immunodeficiency disorder other than HIV-positive status

• Extensive active brain disease including symptomatic brain metastases or presence of leptomeningeal disease

  • NOTE: Patients with brain metastasis, after definitive therapy with surgery or stereotactic radiation and stable off steroids for >= 4 weeks, are eligible
• Other invasive cancers that are clinically active

• Pregnancy or nursing or unwilling to take adequate birth control during therapy

  • NOTE: Pregnant women are excluded from this study because CDX-1401 or CDX-301 and poly-ICLC have an unknown potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with CDX-1401 or CDX-301, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with CDX-1401 or CDX-301 and poly-ICLC
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to CDX-1401 or CDX-301 or poly-ICLC
• Prior organ allograft or allogeneic transplantation, if the transplanted tissue is still in place
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Medical or psychiatric illness that would, in the opinion of the investigator, preclude participation in the study or the ability of patients to provide informed consent for themselves
• History of pulmonary disease such as emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] < 60% of predicted for height and age). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are required in patients with prolonged smoking history or symptoms of respiratory dysfunction

• Vaccinations other than those given as part of this research study (with the exception of influenza vaccine) are prohibited throughout the duration of study participation.

  • NOTE: Influenza vaccination (inactivated) is permitted during the flu season. The preferred time is 7 to 14 days after CDX-1401 administration

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Arm I (CDX-301, CDX-1401, poly-ICLC); Patients receive recombinant Flt3 ligand (CDX-301) SC on days -7 to -1, 1-3, and 22-28 of cycle 1 and only on days 1-3 of cycle 2. Patients also receive CDX-1401 SC or ID on day 1 of each cycle and poly-ICLC SC on days 1-2 of each cycle. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Poly ICLC; Given SC; Other Names: Hiltonol; Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Stabilized with Polylysine and Carboxymethylcellulose; poly-ICLC; Polyriboinosinic-Polyribocytidylic Acid-Polylysine Carboxymethylcellulose; Poly I:Poly C with Poly-L-Lysine Stabilizer; PolyI:PolyC with Poly-L-Lysine Stabilizer; Stabilized Polyriboinosinic/Polyribocytidylic Acid; Biological: DEC-205/NY-ESO-1 Fusion Protein CDX-1401; Given SC or ID; Other Names: CDX-1401; Biological: Recombinant Flt3 Ligand; Given SC; Other Names: CDX-301; FLT 3 Ligand; FLT3 Ligand; Flt3-Ligand; Flt3L; Mobist; Mobista; rhuFlt3L
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Arm II (CDX-1401, poly-ICLC); Patients receive CDX-1401 and poly-ICLC as in Arm I. Treatment repeats every 28 days for 4 cycles in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.	Drug: Poly ICLC; Given SC; Other Names: Hiltonol; Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid Stabilized with Polylysine and Carboxymethylcellulose; poly-ICLC; Polyriboinosinic-Polyribocytidylic Acid-Polylysine Carboxymethylcellulose; Poly I:Poly C with Poly-L-Lysine Stabilizer; PolyI:PolyC with Poly-L-Lysine Stabilizer; Stabilized Polyriboinosinic/Polyribocytidylic Acid; Biological: DEC-205/NY-ESO-1 Fusion Protein CDX-1401; Given SC or ID; Other Names: CDX-1401

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Immune T-cell Response to NY-ESO-1	Response rates will be analyzed by tabulating the frequency of positive response for each assay by antigen and treatment arm at each time point for which an assessment is performed. Response rates will be presented with their corresponding 95% confidence interval estimates calculated using the score test method. Fisher's exact tests will be used to compare cohort 1 and cohort 2 at the peak time point, with a significant difference declared if the 1-sided P value is =< 0.10.	At 12 weeks after final vaccination

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
T Cell Responses to Other Ongoing and Nascent Antitumor Response Antigens Associated With Melanoma (e.g. PRAME, MAGE-A3, p53, and gp1000) as Well as Memory and Chronic Viral Responses (CMV, EBV)	Response rates will be analyzed by tabulating the frequency of positive response for each assay by antigen and treatment arm at each time point for which an assessment is performed. Response rates will be presented with their corresponding 95% confidence interval estimates calculated using the score test method. Fisher's exact tests will be used to compare cohort 1 and cohort 2 at the peak time point, with a significant difference declared if the 1-sided P value is =< 0.10.	Up to 12 weeks after final vaccination
Frequency and Phenotypic Character of PBMC Subsets Including DCs, Monocyte Populations, T Cells, and NK Cells - Highest Peak Fold Change Over Baseline (Log 2 Fold)	Graphical and tabular summaries of the assay data will be made. Linear mixed effects model and possibly weighted generalized estimating equation methods will be considered for a supportive analysis of the longitudinal data over time.	Up to 12 weeks after final vaccination
Tumor Recurrence	Time to first recurrence from first vaccine among subjects who have experienced recurrence. (days)	Up to 600 days from first vaccine
Overall Survival	Overall survival not assessed	Up to 1 year after patient's 12 week visit

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nina Bhardwaj, Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bhardwaj N, Friedlander PA, Pavlick AC, Ernstoff MS, Gastman BR, Hanks BA, Curti BD, Albertini MR, Luke JJ, Blazquez AB, Balan S, Bedognetti D, Beechem JM, Crocker AS, D'Amico L, Danaher P, Davis TA, Hawthorne T, Hess BW, Keler T, Lundgren L, Morishima C, Ramchurren N, Rinchai D, Salazar AM, Salim BA, Sharon E, Vitale LA, Wang E, Warren S, Yellin MJ, Disis ML, Cheever MA, Fling SP. Flt3 ligand augments immune responses to anti-DEC-205-NY-ESO-1 vaccine through expansion of dendritic cell subsets. Nat Cancer. 2020 Dec;1(12):1204-1217. doi: 10.1038/s43018-020-00143-y. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): April 9, 2014
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): March 28, 2016
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): May 18, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 30, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 30, 2014
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): May 2, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): November 16, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 10, 2021
• Last Verified: November 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Skin Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Neuroectodermal Tumors; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal; Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Nevi and Melanomas; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Immunologic Factors; Gastrointestinal Agents; Protective Agents; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Interferon Inducers; Radiation-Protective Agents; Laxatives; Poly ICLC; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Poly I-C; Flt3 ligand protein
• Other Study ID Numbers: NCI-2014-00898 (REGISTRY: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program)); P30CA015704 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); U01CA154967 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); CITN-07-FLT3L (OTHER: CTEP)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No