Efficacy of Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Blood Loss and Blood Transfusion After Periacetabular Osteotomy

The Effect of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss and Transfusion After Periacetabular Osteotomy: a Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial

The goal of this randomized controlled, double-blinded trial is to assess the efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid, a drug, in reducing blood loss and transfusion in patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy, an elective reorientation procedure for the hip joint. The investigators hypothesize that tranexamic acid will be more effective than placebo (normal saline solution) in reducing blood loss and transfusion after periacetabular osteotomy.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dysplasia, Congenital Hip
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Placebo; Drug: Tranexamic Acid

Detailed Description

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is an elective reorientation surgery for the hip joint, typically for the treatment of hip dysplasia in young, otherwise healthy patients, which requires multiple pelvic osteotomies around the acetabulum. A major source of its perioperative morbidity is blood loss. The principal cause of postoperative blood loss after PAO is surgical trauma, with secondary activation of both the coagulation cascade and local fibrinolysis. In the PAO literature, allogeneic transfusion rates are as high as 58%, and blood loss can range to nearly 4 L. The risk of excessive blood loss and blood transfusion in young, healthy patients after elective surgery is an event that can be reduced with blood conservation protocols, which can include pharmacological agents. Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine and a competitive inhibitor of plasminogen activation that interferes with fibrinolysis. Multiple studies and meta-analyses have shown that intravenous administration of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding and the need for transfusion during joint replacement surgery. However, no published data exists to support its use during PAO. We hypothesize that intravenous tranexamic acid will reduce perioperative blood loss and, thus, transfusion requirement in patients undergoing PAO. A total of 80 patients will be enrolled. Patients will be randomized to receive either intravenous tranexamic acid versus placebo (normal saline) during PAO. Calculated total blood loss (primary outcome) will be determined, and intraoperative cell saver utilization (secondary outcome), and (3) postoperative allogeneic blood transfusion (secondary outcome) will be recorded. Patients will be followed for a total of 6 weeks after surgical intervention. If the use of IV tranexamic acid in the PAO patient population significantly reduces total perioperative blood loss, then it would provide an efficacious and inexpensive method for reducing postoperative morbidity after PAO.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 89
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10021
      • Hospital For Special Surgery

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 45 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age greater than or equal to 12 years old
• Age less than or equal to 45 years old
• Indicated for elective periacetabular osteotomy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Preoperative use of an anticoagulant (Plavix, warfarin, lovenox, etc.)
• History of hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid
• History of thromboembolic event (e.g., Pulmonary embolism or Deep vein thrombosis)
• History of subarachnoid hemorrhage
• History or evidence of hepatic dysfunction (aspartate transaminase-alanine transaminase ratio greater than 60) or renal dysfunction (Creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dL, or glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/minute)
• History of seizure
• Coronary stents or prior diagnosis of coronary artery disease
• Color blindness
• Leukemia
• Congenital or acquired coagulopathy as evidence by international normalized ratio (INR) greater than 1.4 or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) > 1.4 times normal, or Platelets less than 150,000/mm^3 on preoperative laboratory testing
• Use of hormone replacement therapy or hormonal contraceptive agent within 7 days prior to surgery
• Pregnant
• Breastfeeding
• Donated preoperative autologous blood
• Younger than 12-years-old and older than 45-years-old
• Preoperative hemoglobin less than 10 g/dL
• Concomitant open procedures (e.g., femoral osteotomy or osteochondral allograft)
• Patients with any contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia:
• Patient refusal
• History of lumbar spinal fusion
• Infection at the site of the epidural
• Coagulopathy, as defined above
• Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Tranexamic Acid; Patients randomized to this arm will receive standard dosing of tranexamic acid intraoperatively.	Drug: Tranexamic Acid; Medication administered intra-operatively to promote blood clotting.; Other Names: TXA
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Patients randomized to this arm will receive normal saline solution, instead of tranexamic acid, intraoperatively.	Drug: Placebo; Saline solution; Other Names: Saline

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Calculated Total Blood Loss	Calculated total blood loss by patients	1day (Hospital Admission)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Patients With Allogenic Blood Transfusion	Total allogenic blood transfusion	1day (Hospital Admission)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Ernest L. Sink, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 1, 2018
• Study Completion (Actual): October 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 29, 2014
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 30, 2014
• First Posted (Estimate): October 1, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 25, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 2, 2022
• Last Verified: November 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Blood Transfusion; Tranexamic Acid; Osteotomy; Dysplasia, Congenital Hip
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Congenital Abnormalities; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Joint Dislocations; Hip Dislocation; Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip; Hip Dislocation, Congenital; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Fibrin Modulating Agents; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Hemostatics; Coagulants; Tranexamic Acid
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2014-115