Phase 1/2A Study of TRC253, an Androgen Receptor Antagonist, in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

An Open-label Phase 1/2A Study To Evaluate the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Preliminary Efficacy of TRC253, an Androgen Receptor Antagonist, in Patients With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

This is a multi-center, first-in-human, open-label, Phase 1/2A dose-escalation study in which eligible patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (mCRPC) will receive oral doses of TRC253. The study will be conducted in 2 parts: part 1 (dose escalation) and part 2 (dose expansion).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metastatic Castrate-resistant Prostate Cancer; Adenocarcinoma, Prostate
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: TRC253

Detailed Description

The patient population consists of men ≥18 years of age with adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease. Patients who have not undergone orchiectomy must have serum testosterone levels <50 ng/dL determined within 4 weeks prior to start of study drug, and, if applicable, must have discontinued treatment with first or second generation anti-androgens as specified in the inclusion criteria.

During Part 1 of the study, patients will be assigned sequentially to increasing TRC253 doses. The starting dose of TRC253 is 40 mg once daily, orally. TRC253 doses will be escalated in subsequent cohorts after all patients enrolled in a given cohort have completed the 28-day dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) evaluation period. Dose escalation in Part 1 will follow single-patient dose escalation design until drug-related toxicity occurs. When an initial drug-related toxicity occurs or DLT in a single patient the cohort will be expanded according to 3+3 design rules. Subsequent dose levels will enroll patients based on 3+3 design. At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) or minimum efficacious dose (MED), up to twelve patients may be enrolled.

Part 2 will consist of two cohorts of initially up to 30 patients (Cohort 1) and up to 30 patients (Cohort 2) to receive TRC253 at the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). The objective of Part 2 is to gather additional information on the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) characteristics, and the clinical efficacy of TRC253 in a pre-defined population of patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Patients enrolled into Part 2 will have received prior treatment with enzalutamide or apalutamide and showed characteristics of acquired resistance based on changes in PSA serum levels. Patients will be centrally screened for the presence of the AR F876L (androgen receptor F876L) mutation from a plasma sample and enrolled into Cohort 1 (AR F876L positive) or Cohort 2 (AR F876L negative). Cohort 2 may be expanded if a specific molecular mechanism sensitizing the mCRPC to TRC253 therapy can be identified retrospectively. Additional patients may be prospectively selected for this specific molecular resistance mechanism and added to Cohort 2 upon recommendation by the medical monitor and Principal Investigators.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 72
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
      • University of Alabama at Birmingham
  • Arizona
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85258
      • Honor Health
  • California
    • Santa Monica, California, United States, 90404
      • University of California at Los Angeles
  • New York
    • New York, New York, United States, 10065
      • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
  • Utah
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84112
      • University of Utah

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 99 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Must have received at least 2 prior therapies approved for CRPC; including a prior AR inhibitor (e.g., enzalutamide or apalutamide). (Part 1 only)
2. Must have received enzalutamide or apalutamide. (Note: additional therapies approved for CRPC prior to enzalutamide or apalutamide are allowed.) (Part 2 only)

3. Must have shown clinical characteristics of acquired resistance to enzalutamide or apalutamide defined as: decline in serum PSA ≥50% compared to baseline serum levels by week 12 (±4 weeks) of enzalutamide or apalutamide treatment and before disease progression by PCWG3 PSA criteria, OR disease progression by PCWG3 radiographic criteria. (Part 2 only)

   Parts 1 and 2:

4. Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastatic disease.
5. Male ≥18 years of age.
6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1.
7. Prior orchiectomy or serum testosterone levels <50 ng/dL determined within 4 weeks prior to start of study drug.
8. Adequate baseline organ function.
9. Ongoing androgen depletion therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog or inhibitor, or orchiectomy (i.e., surgical or medical castration). Note: patients who have not undergone orchiectomy must continue GnRH analog therapy for the duration of this protocol.
10. For patients previously treated with first generation anti-androgens (i.e., flutamide, nilutamide, or bicalutamide), discontinuation of flutamide or nilutamide therapy must occur >4 weeks (>6 weeks for bicalutamide) prior to start of study drug with no evidence of an anti-androgen withdrawal response (i.e., no decline in serum PSA).
11. For patients previously treated with chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or treatment with an investigational anticancer agent, discontinuation must have occurred ≥2 weeks, or after at least 4 half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to study drug administration. For enzalutamide and apalutamide, the washout period will be at least 3 weeks prior to start of study drug with no evidence of an anti-androgen withdrawal response (i.e., no decline in serum PSA).
12. For patients previously treated with other agents approved for the treatment of prostate cancer (5-α reductase inhibitors, estrogens, others), discontinuation of therapy must have occurred ≥4 weeks prior to start of study drug.
13. Palliative radiotherapy (to bone or soft tissue lesions) must be completed >2 weeks prior to start of study drug.
14. For patients receiving bone-loss prevention treatment (e.g., bisphosphonates or denosumab), the patient must be on stable dose ≥4 weeks prior to start of study drug.
15. A man who is sexually active with a woman of childbearing potential must agree to use a barrier method of birth control during the study and for 4 weeks after receiving the last dose of study drug. All men must also not donate sperm during the study and for 90 days after receiving the last dose of study drug.
16. Patient must be willing and able to adhere to the prohibitions and restrictions specified in this protocol.
17. Each patient must sign an informed consent form (ICF) indicating that he understands the purpose of and procedures required for the study and is willing to participate in the study. Consent is to be obtained prior to the initiation of any study-related tests or procedures that are not part of standard-of-care for the patient's disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of seizures.
2. Previously documented or current brain metastases.
3. Untreated spinal cord compression.
4. Positive test result for human immunodeficiency virus.
5. History of clinically significant cardiovascular disease including.
6. Active or chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C as demonstrated by hepatitis B surface antigen positivity and/or anti- hepatitis C virus positivity, respectively. Patients with clinically active or chronic liver disease, including liver cirrhosis of Child-Pugh class C, are also excluded.
7. Second primary malignancy that has not been in remission for greater than 3 years. Exceptions that do not require a 3 year remission include: related non-melanoma skin cancer or resected melanoma in situ.
8. Any serious underlying medical or psychiatric condition (e.g., alcohol or drug abuse), dementia or altered mental status or any issue that would impair the ability of the patient to receive or tolerate the planned treatment, to understand informed consent or that in the opinion of the investigator would contraindicate the patient's participation in the study or that would confound the results of the study.
9. Evidence of active viral, bacterial, or systemic fungal infection requiring systemic treatment within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Patients requiring any systemic antiviral, antifungal, or antibacterial therapy for active infection must have completed treatment no less than 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
10. Known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to TRC253 or its excipients.
11. Enrollment in another interventional study.
12. Major surgery (e.g., requiring general anesthesia) within 3 weeks before screening, or has not fully recovered from prior surgery (i.e., unhealed wound), or surgery planned during the time the patient is expected to participate in the study. Note: patients with planned surgical procedures to be conducted under local anesthesia may participate.
13. Plan to father a child while enrolled in this study or within 90 days after the last dose of study drug.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: SEQUENTIAL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

6

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Dose Level 1: TRC253 40 mg daily; 40 mg of single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily	Drug: TRC253; TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.; Other Names: AR Antagonist
EXPERIMENTAL: Dose Level 2: TRC253 80 mg; 80 mg of single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily	Drug: TRC253; TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.; Other Names: AR Antagonist
EXPERIMENTAL: Dose Level 3: TRC253 160 mg; 160 mg of single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily	Drug: TRC253; TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.; Other Names: AR Antagonist
EXPERIMENTAL: Dose Level 4: TRC253 240 mg; 240 mg of single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily	Drug: TRC253; TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.; Other Names: AR Antagonist
EXPERIMENTAL: Dose Level 5: TRC253 280 mg; 280 mg of single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily	Drug: TRC253; TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.; Other Names: AR Antagonist
EXPERIMENTAL: Dose Level 6: TRC253 320 mg; 320 mg of single-agent TRC253 to be administered as oral capsules once daily	Drug: TRC253; TRC253 is a high-affinity, small molecule antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR) with inhibitory activity against wild type AR and specific mutated variants of AR. TRC253 blocks AR nuclear translocation as well as AR binding to DNA and is an antagonist of transcription for wild type AR and mutated AR. TRC253 is orally active and does not have agonist activity towards either the wild type or mutated ARs. TRC253 treatment in the Hershberger assay results in complete inhibition of androgen sensitive organ development. TRC253 is efficacious in an LNCaP xenograft model driven by F876L (also known as F877L) mutant AR.; Other Names: AR Antagonist

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Patients Who Experience Dose Limiting Toxicities by Dose Level	The trial began with single patient dose escalation rules. If 1 of 1 patients at a given dose experienced a DLT, the study transitioned to a 3+3 design. If 1 of 3 patients experienced a DLT, the dose level was expanded to 6 patients. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) would have been exceeded if ≥ 33% of patients experience DLT at a given dose level. DLT occurred when a patient had 1 or more toxicities outlined in the protocol that was considered at least possibly related to TRC253 during the first 5 weeks of study participation in the trial. In addition, any dose level could be expanded to further explore PK (the target PK concentration associated with activity in preclinical models was 335 ng/mL). The number of DLTs by dose cohort have been presented.	5 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With a Serum Prostate-specific Antigen (PSA) Response According to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) Criteria	Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response according to Prostate Cancer Working Group (PCWG3) criteria is defined as at least a 50% decrease in PSA from baseline confirmed at least 4 weeks later	12 weeks
Maximum Change in QTcF	Maximum change in QTcF from baseline by dose level	18 months
Percent Change From Baseline in Standard Uptake Value (SUV) to Assess TRC253 Receptor Occupancy	To confirm the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), patients at select dose levels will undergo positron emission tomography scan (PET) scans using fluoro-5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (FDHT), a radiopharmaceutical specifically designed to image binding to androgen receptor (AR). Imaging occurred at one center under their existing investigational new drug application (IND) and institutional protocol. A negative change from baseline in the standard uptake value indicate a decrease in metabolic activity of the tumor and indicate increased receptor occupancy of TRC253.	4 Weeks
Median Time to Progression by Dose Level	Preliminary anti-tumor effects of TRC253 as assessed by median time to progression by Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 (PCWG3) criteria by dose level	18 months
Number of Patients Who Achieved the Target Concentration of TRC253 at Steady State	Determine the number of patients who achieved the target concentration of TRC253 at steady state (target efficacy concentration of 335 ng/mL based on preclinical models).	28 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tracon Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Collaborators: Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Belgium
• Investigators: Study Director: James Freddo, MD, Tracon Pharmaceuticals Inc.

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Scher HI, Morris MJ, Stadler WM, Higano C, Basch E, Fizazi K, Antonarakis ES, Beer TM, Carducci MA, Chi KN, Corn PG, de Bono JS, Dreicer R, George DJ, Heath EI, Hussain M, Kelly WK, Liu G, Logothetis C, Nanus D, Stein MN, Rathkopf DE, Slovin SF, Ryan CJ, Sartor O, Small EJ, Smith MR, Sternberg CN, Taplin ME, Wilding G, Nelson PS, Schwartz LH, Halabi S, Kantoff PW, Armstrong AJ; Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3. Trial Design and Objectives for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Updated Recommendations From the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Apr 20;34(12):1402-18. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.2702. Epub 2016 Feb 22.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): May 23, 2017
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): October 6, 2019
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): November 9, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 5, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 8, 2016
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): December 9, 2016

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): April 23, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 29, 2021
• Last Verified: March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Hormone Antagonists; Androgen Antagonists; Androgen Receptor Antagonists
• Other Study ID Numbers: 253PC101

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No