Acute and Chronic Effects of Dynamic Apnea in Healthy Untrained Subjects (APNEX)

The inclusion of short periods of apnea (several seconds) during exercise (i.e. dynamic apnea) induces a significant decrease in blood oxygenation and muscle tissue. To date, the immediate effects ("acute apnea") of this decrease in the quantity of oxygen available at the muscle and brain level are poorly understood. Moreover, a physical training during which these short periods of apnea ("chronic apnea") would be included could lead to physiological adaptations and to improvement in physical performance similar to those obtained during altitude training.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of acute dynamic apnea on metabolism.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Apnea
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Program of training with exercises including apnea; Other: Program of training with exercises without apnea

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 25
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• France
  • Orléans, France, 45067
    • CHR d'Orléans

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The cutaneous thickness at the vastus lateralis level lower than 1.5 cm to obtain the reliable muscle oxygenation measurement
• Subjects will have to sign the inform consent before the beginning of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindications to regular physical exercise practice
• To practice an endurance sport more than 1h/week
• Regular practice of apnea
• Chronic use of cannabis and/or alcohol
• Cardiac or metabolic pathology
• Asthma and/or bronchodilatator treatment
• ECG abnormality at rest
• Regular consumption of tobacco

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Apnea Group (GApn); Program of training with exercises including apneas	Other: Program of training with exercises including apnea; 16 training session on cycle ergometry with exercises including apneas.
Other: Control Group (GC); Program of training with exercises without apnea	Other: Program of training with exercises without apnea; 16 training session on cycle ergometry with exercises without apnea

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Spectometry to measure hemoglobin rate	Measurement of oxygenation	3 weeks
Wingate test to measure maximum consumption of dioxygen	Measurement of aerobic performance	3 weeks
Measurement of hormonal markers	Measurement of Dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)	3 weeks
Jaeger debimeter system to measure of peak oxygen	Measurement of oxygen consumptiom	3 weeks
Measurement of arterial saturation in dioxygen	Measurement by ear blood micro-sample	3 weeks
Spectometry to measure hemoglobin	Measurement of oxygenation	12 weeks
Measurement of hormonal markers	Measurement of Dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)	12 weeks
Jaeger debimeter system to measure of peak oxygen	Measurement of oxygen consumption,	12 weeks
Measurement of arterial saturation in dioxygen	Measurement by ear blood micro-sample	12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cardiac frequency	measurement with a 12 lead - Electrocardiogamm	3 weeks
Cardiac frequency	measurement with a 12 lead - Electrocardiogramm	12 weeks
Borg scale to measure penibility of the effort		week 3
Borg scale to measure penibility of the effort		week 12

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans
• Collaborators: Laboratoire de Complexité, Innovation et Activités Motrices et Sportives
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Virgile AMIOT, Ph, CHR Orléans

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• de Bruijn R, Richardson M, Schagatay E. Increased erythropoietin concentration after repeated apneas in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008 Mar;102(5):609-13. doi: 10.1007/s00421-007-0639-9. Epub 2007 Dec 19.
• Andersson JP, Liner MH, Runow E, Schagatay EK. Diving response and arterial oxygen saturation during apnea and exercise in breath-hold divers. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2002 Sep;93(3):882-6. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00863.2001.
• Caquelard F, Burnet H, Tagliarini F, Cauchy E, Richalet JP, Jammes Y. Effects of prolonged hypobaric hypoxia on human skeletal muscle function and electromyographic events. Clin Sci (Lond). 2000 Mar;98(3):329-37.
• Dufour SP, Ponsot E, Zoll J, Doutreleau S, Lonsdorfer-Wolf E, Geny B, Lampert E, Fluck M, Hoppeler H, Billat V, Mettauer B, Richard R, Lonsdorfer J. Exercise training in normobaric hypoxia in endurance runners. I. Improvement in aerobic performance capacity. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Apr;100(4):1238-48. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00742.2005.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 8, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 20, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): November 20, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 27, 2016
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 24, 2017
• First Posted (Actual): March 30, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 7, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 2, 2018
• Last Verified: May 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: physical performance; muscle oxygenation; dynamic apnea
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory; Apnea
• Other Study ID Numbers: CHRO-2015-01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO