Evaluation of 2 Diets With Different Starch Digestibility Profiles on Daily Glycemic Profile, in T2D Patients

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effect of Two Diets With Different Starch Digestibility Profiles on Daily Glycemic Profile Measured by Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS), in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

The study is a randomized cross-over pilot study. The research hypothesis is that the diet high in SDS content (H-SDS) will lower the daylong glycemic response and improve the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to the diet low in SDS content (L-SDS).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Type2 Diabetes
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Balanced diet high in Slowly Digestible Starch; Other: Balanced diet low in Slowly Digestible Starch

Detailed Description

The study is a randomized cross-over pilot study. The research hypothesis is that the diet high in SDS content (H-SDS) will lower the daylong glycemic response and improve the glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to the diet low in SDS content (L-SDS).

8 patients with type 2 diabetic patients will be recruited.

Subjets will have 5 visits:

The selection visit (V1) is required to check whether the patients fulfill inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study.

The visit V2 will include randomization, medical check-up and a dietary interview (LogBook supply with explanations for filling and dietary advice cards for the 1st week of diet). The nurse will insert the CGMS and the patient will receive detailed instructions on wearing the sensor and recorder. The patient will leave the research center with a glucometer, the starchy foods and cereal products adapted for its first week of diet and the associated cooking instruction sheets and menus given by the dietician.

During each day of the first experimental diet period, the patient will take at least four blood glucometer readings per day, and will consume the food products according to a menu plan and the cooking instruction sheets given by the dietician, and fill a dietary record.

After 6 days +/- 1 day, the patient will return to the center (Visit V3) to remove the CGMS, bring back the glucometer and the follow-up LogBook. A Medical check-up will also be performed. Compliance will be assessed using the dietary record of the follow-up LogBook and the return of the uneaten products (weighting). A feedback questionnaire will be completed by each patient to have a global assessment of the diet and to evaluate the feasibility of this type of diet over longer periods.

The wash-out period will then last 2 weeks +/- 3 days. Then a new sequence will start. The visit V4 will be similar to visit V2 with: installation of the CGMS, provision of the LogBook and diet specific information for the second period. The glucometer and starchy foods and cereal products will be supplied to the patients.

During each day of this second diet period, patients will be required to consume starchy foods and cereal products according to a menu plan and cooking instructions provided by the dietician, and fill a dietary record. The patient will realize 4 capillary blood glucose control and will fill the information required in the LogBook.

Finally, Visit V5 will be the last visit. It will include, like for visit V3: removal of CGMS, return of glucometer and follow-up LogBook and a medical check-up . Compliance will be assessed using the dietary record of the follow-up LogBook and the return of the uneaten products (weighting). A feedback questionnaire will be completed by patients.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 9
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• France
  • Pierre-Bénite, France, 69310
    • Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhone-Alpe

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient able to understand the study information and providing written consents for his/her participation to the study
• Male or female
• Patient undergoing medical examination during the selection visit
• Patient aged between 18 and 75 years old (bounds included)

• T2D volunteer with:

  • HbA1c between 6,5% and 8,5%
  • Bi-therapy associating metformin and sitagliptin at stable dose for at least 1 month
• T2D volunteer without insulin therapy or GLP-1 analogues
• Patient with BMI ranging between 22 and 37 kg/m2 (bounds included)
• Patient with stable body weight over the past three months (+/- 5 % of body weight)
• Patient accepting to change its diet for two weeks
• Patient not suffering from intolerance or allergy
• Patient regularly consuming products proposed in the study
• Patient regularly consuming 3 main meals per day
• Sedentary behavior or stable regular physical activity during the study
• Patient not presenting any disease during the medical examination / interview which could interfere with the results of the study according to the investigator
• Patient covered by health assurance

Exclusion Criteria:

• General criteria:

  • Patient under legal protection measure
  • Patient deprived of liberty by a court or an administrative decision
  • Patient currently participating in another study or being in the exclusion period of another study
  • Volunteer that exceed the financial compensation allowed per year for participating in research programs

• Biological criteria:

  • Gamma-GT > 2.5 times above the norm (>160 UI/L)
  • ASAT > 2.5 times above the norm (>85 UI/L)
  • ALAT > 2.5 times above the norm (>137.5 UI/L)
  • Triglycerides > 4 g/L
  • LDL-cholesterol > 1.90 g/L
  • CRP > 15 mg/L
  • Hemoglobin < 120 mg/dL
  • Other biological abnormality with clinical significant relevance according to the investigator

• Therapeutic and medical criteria:

  • Patient with type 1 diabetes
  • T2D treatment other than metformin and sitagliptin
  • Patient with past bariatric surgery
  • Patient with medical history of endocrine diseases who may interfere with glucose metabolism according to the investigator (such as thyroid dysfunction, acromegaly, hypercorticism…)
  • Uncontrolled high blood pressure defined by Systolic blood pressure > 150 mmHg or Diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg
  • Evidence of any other unstable or untreated clinically significant immunological, neoplasic, endocrine, haematological, gastrointestinal, hepatic, neurological or psychiatric abnormalities or medical disease according to the investigator
  • Pregnant women or willing to become pregnant or lactating women
  • Women of childbearing age without an efficient contraceptive method according to the investigator
  • Patient under a restrictive diet or willing to lose weight
  • Patient with eating disorders (e.g. anorexia nervosa and bulimia) according to the investigator
  • Patient without stable dietary habits or with specific diet (vegetarian, vegan,…) according to the investigator
  • Patient who smokes
  • Patient regularly consuming more than 20 g/day of alcohol. Consumption of more than 3 alcoholic beverages per day is recognized as excessive. An alcoholic beverage is: 30 mL of spirituous, 120 mL of wine or 330 mL of beer
  • Patient regularly consuming recreational drugs
  • Patient consuming in the two previous months regularly corticoids, anorectics, adrenergic drugs, beta-blocking drugs, antiplatelet agent (like aspirin) or other drugs or supplement that should impact glucose metabolism (other than metformin or DPP4 inhibitor) in the investigator's opinion
  • Adhesive plaster skin allergy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: CROSSOVER
• Masking: SINGLE

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Diet A; Balanced diet high in Slowly Digestible Starch	Other: Balanced diet high in Slowly Digestible Starch; The carbohydrate present in the diet high in Slowly Digestible Starch were selected according to the general recommendations made for diabetics and according to their SDS content. The diet will be consumed during one week.
PLACEBO_COMPARATOR: Diet B; Balanced diet low in Slowly Digestible Starch	Other: Balanced diet low in Slowly Digestible Starch; The carbohydrate present in the diet low in Slowly Digestible Starch were selected according to the general recommendations made for diabetics and according to their SDS content. The diet will be consumed during one week.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Mean postprandial incremental Area Under the Curve (iAUC), measured by CGMS	The iAUC will be calculated using the trapezoid rule. The iAUC includes all area below the curve and above the fasting concentration, with any area beneath fasting being ignored.	minimum 2h to maximum 6h postprandial periods and average value of minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Glycemic profile parameters: Minimum glycaemia	Minimum glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: maximum glycaemia	maximum glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: Standard Deviation (SD) from CGMS glycaemia	Standard Deviation (SD) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: Coefficient of Variation (CV) from CGMS glycaemia	Coefficient of Variation (CV) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: MAGE	Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursions (MAGE) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: MODDs	Mean Of Daily Differences (MODDs) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: MIME	Mean Indices of Meal Excursions (MIME) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: Time in Range	Mean time spent in the appropriate glycemic range in %	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: ADRR	Average of Daily Risk Ratio (ADRR) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: CONGA	Continuous Overall Net Glycemic Action (CONGA) from CGMS glycaemia	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: hyperglycemia durations	hyperglycemia durations	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: hypoglycemia durations	hypoglycemia durations	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: mean glycemic value	mean glycemic value on relevant time interval	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: incremental AUC	incremental AUC calculated on relevant time interval	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: total AUC	total AUC calculated on relevant time interval, calculated using the trapezoid rule and including all area below the curve	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Glycemic profile parameters: kinetics	Daylong glycaemia kinetics	minimum 3 days to a maximum of 6 days of CGMS record
Compliance parameters: mean SDS ingestion	mean SDS ingestion by type of meal and per day	maximum of 6 days of LogBook record
Dietary intake evaluation	Dietary record analysis, in g of macronutrient intake	After 1 week intervention diet
Dietary record evaluation	Dietary record analysis, in % of total energy intake	After 1 week intervention diet
Charaterisation of acceptability to H-SDS diet in free living conditions	Feedback questionnaire	After 1 week intervention diet

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mondelēz International, Inc.
• Collaborators: Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhone-Alpe; Biofortis Mérieux NutriSciences
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Emmanuel DISSE, MD, PhD, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes; Study Chair: Martine LAVILLE, MD, PhD, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Breyton AE, Goux A, Lambert-Porcheron S, Meynier A, Sothier M, VanDenBerghe L, Brack O, Disse E, Laville M, Vinoy S, Nazare JA. Starch digestibility modulation significantly improves glycemic variability in type 2 diabetic subjects: A pilot study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Jan 4;31(1):237-246. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.08.010. Epub 2020 Aug 25.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): August 30, 2017
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): July 24, 2018
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): July 24, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 13, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 19, 2017
• First Posted (ACTUAL): September 21, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): May 27, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 25, 2020
• Last Verified: May 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; T2D; CGMS; Glycemic response; SDS; Slowly Digestible Starch; Continuous Glucose Monitoring System
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Other Study ID Numbers: KBE052

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No