- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03371433
Soft Drinks and Osteoporosis in WHI Participants
Association Between Soft Drink Consumption and Osteoporotic Fractures Among Postmenopausal Women: The Women´s Health Initiative
Osteoporotic fractures, as a consequence of a reduced mineral bone density (BMD) represents a major public health problem. The lifetime risk of fractures exceeds 40% for women and 13% for men. At least ten different individual characteristics have already been proposed, evaluated, and some of them accepted as risk factors. Some of those risk factors were compiled in a tool developed by the World Health Organization in order to predict the ten-risk for a new fracture, even without considering BMD in that prediction . Increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks has been reported to have associations to a lower bone mineral density and an increment in bone fractures among young and also elder subjects.
However, some prospective studies have not found any significant associations and others suggested that risk is only increased for some kinds of beverages, like cola beverages, but not to the entire universe of soft drinks. In this sense, a large prospective analysis performed on 1413 women and 1125 men from the Framingham Offspring Cohort, analyzed- the relation between soft drinks consumption and BMD at the spine and 3 hip sites. Cola intake was associated with significantly lower BMD at each hip site, but not the spine, in women but not in men. Similar results were observed for diet cola and, although weaker, for decaffeinated cola. No significant relations between non-cola carbonated beverage consumption and BMD were observed.
In spite of the fact that reduced bone mineral density and osteoporotic fractures represent an increasing burden of disease and disability in postmenopausal women, most of the studies performed in this population used BMD as primary outcome, and not common osteoporotic fractures (e.g. hip, spine or wrist). Therefore, there is no conclusive evidence of a potential causal association between soft drinks (cola and non-cola) and fractures in a population in which osteoporotic fractures hold the highest incidence.
This research proposal is based on using the Women Health Initiative data to analyze the relation between cola and non-cola soft drinks consumption on common osteoporotic fractures. BMD will be considered a secondary outcome.
Study Overview
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Sampling Method
Study Population
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Postmenopausal women
- More than one day of follow up
- Dietary information on soft drinks
Exclusion Criteria:
Previous hip fracture
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Lumbar spine osteoporosis
Time Frame: median 16 years
|
Bone mineral density lumbar spine measured in grams/square centimeters
|
median 16 years
|
Total hip osteoporosis
Time Frame: median 16 years
|
Bone mineral density at the total hip measured in grams/square centimeters
|
median 16 years
|
Hip fractures
Time Frame: median 16 years
|
Number of participants that suffered a hip fracture
|
median 16 years
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence, mortality and disability associated with hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 2004 Nov;15(11):897-902. doi: 10.1007/s00198-004-1627-0. Epub 2004 May 4.
- Park S, Xu F, Town M, Blanck HM. Prevalence of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Among Adults--23 States and the District of Columbia, 2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Feb 26;65(7):169-74. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6507a1.
- Kim SH, Morton DJ, Barrett-Connor EL. Carbonated beverage consumption and bone mineral density among older women: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Public Health. 1997 Feb;87(2):276-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.87.2.276.
- Ogur R, Uysal B, Ogur T, Yaman H, Oztas E, Ozdemir A, Hasde M. Evaluation of the effect of cola drinks on bone mineral density and associated factors. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007 May;100(5):334-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00053.x.
- Tucker KL, Morita K, Qiao N, Hannan MT, Cupples LA, Kiel DP. Colas, but not other carbonated beverages, are associated with low bone mineral density in older women: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Oct;84(4):936-42. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.936.
- Fung TT, Arasaratnam MH, Grodstein F, Katz JN, Rosner B, Willett WC, Feskanich D. Soda consumption and risk of hip fractures in postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Sep;100(3):953-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.114.083352. Epub 2014 Aug 6.
- Chen Z, Kooperberg C, Pettinger MB, Bassford T, Cauley JA, LaCroix AZ, Lewis CE, Kipersztok S, Borne C, Jackson RD. Validity of self-report for fractures among a multiethnic cohort of postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials. Menopause. 2004 May-Jun;11(3):264-74. doi: 10.1097/01.gme.0000094210.15096.fd.
- Fitzpatrick L, Heaney RP. Got soda? J Bone Miner Res. 2003 Sep;18(9):1570-2. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1570. No abstract available.
- Cuomo R, Sarnelli G, Savarese MF, Buyckx M. Carbonated beverages and gastrointestinal system: between myth and reality. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Dec;19(10):683-9. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.03.020. Epub 2009 Jun 6.
- Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group. Control Clin Trials. 1998 Feb;19(1):61-109. doi: 10.1016/s0197-2456(97)00078-0.
- Wyshak G, Frisch RE. Carbonated beverages, dietary calcium, the dietary calcium/phosphorus ratio, and bone fractures in girls and boys. J Adolesc Health. 1994 May;15(3):210-5. doi: 10.1016/1054-139x(94)90506-1.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (ACTUAL)
Primary Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Completion (ACTUAL)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (ACTUAL)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 170149XX
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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