Relationship Between Constitutional Varus Knee and Patellofemoral Pain

Research on the Relationship Between Constitutional Varus Knee and Patellofemoral Pain

This study aims to research on the relationship between constitutional varus knee and patellofemoral pain. The standardized standing whole-lower-extremity radiographs, the knee lateral view and skyline view of the participants will be taken. The hip-knee-ankle angle will be obtained from the radiographs. According to the hip-knee-ankle angle, the knees will be labelled knee varus or knee nonvarus. The knee varus incidences of the two groups will be determined and compared.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: No intervention

Detailed Description

The patellofemoral joint will be assessed in the skyline view and lateral view. The hip-knee-ankle angle will be obtained from the standing whole-lower-extremity radiographs. According to the hip-knee-ankle angle, the knees will be labelled knee varus or knee nonvarus. The knee varus incidences of the two groups will be determined and compared. It is hypothesized that constitutional varus knee is a risk factor for patellofemoral pain.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 21

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• China
  • Zhejiang
    • Ningbo, Zhejiang, China, 315040
      • Orthopaedics clinic, No.113 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 35 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Military personnel. Running at least 10 km per week for at least 3 months.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patellofemoral pain during physical activities such as running, jumping, squatting, and going up or down stairs for at least 4 weeks.
• The onset of pain is required to be atraumatic in nature.
• Exhibit two of the following clinical criteria on assessment: pain on direct compression of the patella against the femoral condyles with the knee in full extension, tenderness of the posterior surface of the patell on palpation, pain on resisted knee extension, and pain with isometric quadriceps muscle contraction against suprapatellar resistance with the knee in 15° of flexion.
• Negative findings in the examination of knee ligaments, menisci, bursae, synovial plicae, Hoffa's fat pad, iliotibial band, and the hamstring, quadriceps, and patellar tendons and their insertions.

Exclusion Criteria:

• With patellofemoral instability, or With other knee diagnoses.
• Any previous surgery or severe trauma in the affected limb.
• Inflammatory joint disease or tumors in the affected limb.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Case-Control
• Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
The study group; The participants with patellofemoral pain.	Other: No intervention; The standardized standing whole-lower-extremity radiographs, the knee lateral view and skyline view of the participants will be taken.
The control group; The participants without patellofemoral pain.	Other: No intervention; The standardized standing whole-lower-extremity radiographs, the knee lateral view and skyline view of the participants will be taken.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
The hip-knee-ankle angle	The HKA angle was determined by measuring the angle between the mechanical axis of the femur and the mechanical axis of the tibia.	1 day

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patellar alignment	The lateral displacement of the patella was defined as the proportion of the distance from the lateral edge of the patella to a line drawn perpendicular to a line passing along the most anterior margin of the medial and lateral trochlear facets, by the length of the maximum width of the patella. The tilting angle of the patella was defined as the angle formed by a line joining the maximum width of the patella and a line passing along the most anterior margin of the medial and lateral trochlear facets.	1 day
The width of of the patellofemoral joint space	The width of the joint space at the mid-point of the medial and lateral patellofemoral joint is measured on the skyline view.	1 day
Trochlear morphology	The sulcus angle was defined as the angle between the medial and lateral trochlear facets. The vertex of the angle was the deepest portion of the trochlea.	1 day
Patellar height	The Insall-Salvati ratio is the ratio between the length of the patellar tendon and the superior-inferior length of the patella.	1 day

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: 113th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army
• Collaborators: Air Force Military Medical University, China
• Investigators: Study Director: Qingsheng Zhu, MD, Department of orthopaedics, Xijing hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 23, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 15, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): June 15, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 23, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 24, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): March 1, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 3, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 28, 2023
• Last Verified: June 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Anterior Knee Pain; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome; Knee Varus
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: 113YY-LUNLI-2018002

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No