Microbial Colonisation On Vacuum-Formed Retainers Constructed On Conventional Models And Three Dimensional (3D) Reconstructed Models

May 23, 2021 updated by: Dr Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan, University of Malaya

Microbial Colonisation On Vacuum-Formed Retainers With Different Surface Roughness As Constructed On Conventional Models And Three Dimensional (3D) Reconstructed Models

Vacuum-formed retainers are clear or transparent retainers, that hold the teeth in the new position after active orthodontic treatment. These custom made appliances are becoming popular these days due to the aesthetics value among patients.

Vacuum-formed retainers can be made through a process that softens the clear plastic and vacuumed to follow the shape of the dental model before it cools off and hardens again. These dental models can be made from conventional method or through a 3D reconstruction process. Recently, it was found that there is no difference in terms of stability of the teeth and oral health related quality of life of the patients wearing vacuum-formed retainers constructed on either types of models.

Physically, the surface roughness of the retainers appear different because the conventional models and 3D printed models are constructed in a different manner.

Our interest is to determine whether the difference in surface roughness would affect microbial colonisation which can eventually affect the oral health.

So this study aims to find the association between microbial colonisation and surface roughness of vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional models and also 3D reconstructed models.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

RATIONALE OF STUDY

The vacuum-formed retainers are widely preferred today but there is limited research on the effects of the retainers on microbial colonisation, which can have an impact on the oral health. There is possibility that a rough surface finishing of the vacuum-formed retainers may lead to increased microbial colonisation. Therefore, there is a need for us to investigate if the vacuum formed retainers made on 3D reconstructed models may produce increased surface roughness which then can lead to increased microbial colonisation and later impacts the oral health.

Primary Objective :

1. To determine the association between different surface roughness of vacuum- formed retainers and microbial colonisation.

Secondary Objectives :

  1. To compare the surface roughness of vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional models and 3D reconstructed models.
  2. To compare the microbial colonisation on vacuum-formed retainers with different roughness as constructed on conventional models and 3D reconstructed models.
  3. To compare the microbial colonisation between upper and lower vacuum-formed retainers with different surface roughness.
  4. To compare the microbial colonisation on vacuum-formed retainers with different surface roughness between full time wear and part time wear.

SAMPLE SIZE CALCULATION

Sample size calculation is done based on a type 1 error frequency of 5% and the power of the statistical test is set at 80%. This is based on a study done by Farhadian et al, 2016 on Streptococcus colonisation on orthodontic retainers. The total number of participant needed for the trial was 27 with a minimum of 9 participants per group. With an anticipated 20% drop outs, a total number of 36 patients will be recruited.

Methodology

Patients who are currently undergoing fixed appliance treatment at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya will be screened for their progress of treatment and whether they are ready for debond. During screening, patients who fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria will be selected and given a patient information sheet and a detailed explanation of the clinical trial. Voluntarily participant will then be recruited into this study and informed consent will be obtained. A total number of 36 participants will be recruited for this clinical trial.

Participants will be drawing lots to obtain their study number. Then, the orthodontic resident will have to check the group allocation with the orthodontic consultant.

During the first appointment, debond procedure will be done according to the standard protocol. Three sets of impression will be taken for the construction of study model, construction of the standard retainers and also for the research purpose. The standard retainers will then be issued on the same day of debond (T0). Participants will be instructed to wear the retainers full time except during brushing, cleaning of the appliance and during meals.

Participants will be reviewed one week post debond (T1). During this appointment, the standard retainers will be taken and kept by the orthodontic resident. The first interventional retainers will be issued and participants are advised to wear the retainers full time / 24 hours except during meals, brushing and cleaning of the appliance. Participants will be given a new retainer box to keep their retainers as well as a new toothbrush for cleaning their appliance. A pamphlet that contains detailed information on the care of retainers will also be provided to every participant. Participants will be reminded regularly to wear their retainers full time / 24 hours for three months.

Participants will be reviewed again 3 months post debond (T2). During this appointment, the first interventional retainers will be taken and kept by the orthodontic resident. Then the second interventional retainers will be issued and participants are advised to wear the retainers for 10 hours only. Participants will also be given a new retainer box to keep their retainers as well as a new toothbrush for cleaning their appliance. Analysis of the first interventional retainers will then be carried out. Participants will also be reminded regularly to wear their retainers for 10 hours only for 3 months.

Participants will be reviewed again 6 months post debond (T3). During this appointment, the second interventional retainers will be taken and kept by the orthodontic resident. Then the standard retainers will be issued back and participants are advised to continue wearing the retainers for 10 hours only. Analysis of the second interventional retainers will then be carried out.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

Statistical Analysis will be done using SPSS software version 21. P < 0.05 will be set as the level of significance.

i. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used to compare the surface roughness and microbial colonization on vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional models and 3D reconstructed models.

ii. Paired Sample T-Test will be used to compare the microbial colonization between the upper and lower vacuum-formed retainers with different surface roughness as well as between full time wear and part time wear.

iii. Correlation will be used to determine the association between surface roughness of vacuum-formed retainers and microbial colonization.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

36

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Malaysia
      • Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 50603
        • Postgraduate Orthodontic Clinic, Faculty Of Dentistry, University Of Malaya

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child
  • Adult
  • Older Adult

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

i. Fixed appliance on upper and lower arches ii. About to debond iii. Planned for vacuum-formed retainers for retention iv. Non smoking patients v. No systemic disease

Exclusion Criteria:

i. Undergoing sectional fixed appliance / single arch treatment ii. Indicated for double retention regime with bonded retainers iii. Patient with smoking habit iv. Any systemic disease that may affect the salivary flow v. History of use of antimicrobial mouthwash less than 1 month prior to debond

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Screening
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Single

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Conventional Vacuum-Formed Retainers
Vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional stone models.
Device: Conventional VFR
Conventional retainers
Experimental: Vacuum-Formed Retainers From SLA
Vacuum-formed retainers constructed on 3D reconstructed models using stereolitography (SLA) technique.
Device: VFR from SLA
SLA has better finishing compared to FDM but it is more expensive.
Experimental: Vacuum-Formed Retainers From FDM
Vacuum-formed retainers constructed on 3D reconstructed models using fused deposition modeling technique (FDM).
Device: VFR from FDM
FDM has poorer finishing compared to SLA but it is cheaper.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Microbial Colonisation On Vacuum-Formed Retainers
Time Frame: 6 months

Microbial colony count on the vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional models & 3D reconstructed models.

The vacuum-formed retainers that are collected from the patients will be placed in BHI media and then undergo the process of sonication, which will produce the bacteria suspension. This bacteria suspension will then be cultured in an agar plate with BHI media and incubated for 18 - 24 hours. The total colony per count will then be counted and recorded.
6 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Surface Roughness Of Vacuum-Formed Retainers
Time Frame: 6 months

Surface roughness values of vacuum-formed retainers constructed on conventional models & 3D reconstructed models.

The surface roughness of the vacuum-formed retainers will be measured using Alicona 3D Surface Management System. Vacuum-formed retainers which are new and used by patient (after disinfection) will be placed for surface roughness assessment under the microscope and the value which is measured as Ra (profile roughness parameter) will be recorded.
6 months

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Patient's Compliance In Wearing Vacuum-Formed Retainers
Time Frame: 6 months

Patients's compliance in wearing vacuum-formed retainers as instructed.

Patient's compliance will be measured using a global rating scale that asked if they wore the VFR 24 hours or 10 hours per day as instructed. If the patient admitted to wear the retainers more than 24 hours or 10 hours daily as instructed, the patient is considered to be compliant.
6 months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Malaya

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

December 2, 2019

Primary Completion (Actual)

April 10, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

April 10, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 14, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 14, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

February 18, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

May 26, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 23, 2021

Last Verified

May 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • DGD_170002

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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