Beach Tennis And Hypertension Study 2 (BAH)

November 17, 2025 updated by: Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

Effect of Recreational Beach Tennis on Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Physical Fitness in Hypertensive Individuals (BAH Study)

No studies have investigated the chronic effects of team sports on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and have assessed the effects of a beach tennis intervention in cardiovascular profile and physical fitness. Based on that, the investigators designed this parallel randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of beach tennis training on 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and different physical fitness parameters in individuals with hypertension. The difference between the intervention arms in mean change from baseline in 24 h, daytime and nighttime systolic and diastolic ambulatory blood pressure at 12-weeks is the primary outcome; secondary outcomes are the difference between mean change in office blood pressure as well as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength and power. The investigators anticipate that 12 weeks of beach tennis training will reduce blood pressure when compared to a non-exercising control group. Additionally, our recreational beach tennis intervention will improve all physical fitness components in comparison to the baseline values.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This is a single-center, two-arms, parallel randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded measurers, with 12 weeks of follow-up analyzed using an intention-to-treat approach.

Participants will be randomly allocated to the beach tennis training intervention (BTT) or to the control group (Con), which will not be submitted to intervention and will be instructed not to engage in any kind of structured physical exercise training and to keep the life activities identified at baseline. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) will be applied before and after the intervention in order to assess the level of physical activity.

In BTT, supervised beach tennis sessions will be performed two times per week. Each session will be composed of an initial period of 10 min of warm up and technical exercises (i.e., serve, volley, forehand and backhand). After that, 3 games of 10-15 min each (weeks 1-4: 3 × 10 min; weeks 5-8: 3 × 12 min; and weeks 9-12: 3 × 15 min) with an interval of 2 min between each game will be played in pairs (i.e., 2 versus 2). In case of less than 4 participants are able to play at the same time, the games can also be played individually (i.e., 1 versus1). In Con, participants will be advised to not change their daily usual activities and to not participate in any structured physical exercise program during this period.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

42

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Brazil
    • Rio Grande do Sul
      • Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 90035-903
        • Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

35 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Office blood pressure between 130-179 and 80-110 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively;
  • Non-engaged in structured exercise programs in the last 3 months before the beginning of this study;
  • Able to perform the proposed exercises.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Underlying cardiovascular disease in the last 24 months such as acute myocardial infarction, angina, stroke or heart failure;
  • Diseases that reduce life expectancy;
  • Smokers;
  • BMI >39.9 kg/m²;
  • Diabetic proliferative retinopathy.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Control group
The Control group will not be submitted to intervention and will be instructed not to engage in any kind of structured physical exercise training and to keep the life activities identified at baseline.
Experimental: Beach tennis training group
The Beach Tennis (BT) group will perform two sessions per week of the Beach Tennis training. This intervention will last 12 weeks.
Behavioral: Beach tennis training group
Beach Tennis Training Group (BTG) will perform two sessions of 40-60 min of beach tennis during 12 weeks. BT sessions will be composed by a warm up of 5-10 min of BT technical exercises (i.e., serve, volley, forehand and backhand exercises) followed by 3 BT small games of 10-15 min each.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Ambulatory Blood Pressure
Time Frame: Change from baseline 24-hour systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks
24h ambulatory blood pressure measured through automatic oscillometric device
Change from baseline 24-hour systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Systolic blood pressure
Time Frame: Will be measured during intervention period throughout the first session of weeks 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12.
Systolic blood pressure in mmHg measured using automatic oscillometric device
Will be measured during intervention period throughout the first session of weeks 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12.
Diastolic blood pressure
Time Frame: Will be measured during intervention period throughout the first session of weeks 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12.
Diastolic blood pressure in mmHg measured using automatic oscillometric device
Will be measured during intervention period throughout the first session of weeks 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12.
Cardiorespiratory fitness (Oxygen consumption at peak)
Time Frame: Change from baseline VO2peak at 12 weeks
Oxygen consumption at peak (VO2peak) as assessed by maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Change from baseline VO2peak at 12 weeks
Muscle strength (Test of hand grip strength)
Time Frame: Change from baseline handgrip at 12 weeks
Performs palmar grip with the greatest possible force
Change from baseline handgrip at 12 weeks
Muscle strength (Chair-stand test)
Time Frame: Change from baseline Chair-stand test at 12 weeks
The total number of stands executed correctly within 30-s
Change from baseline Chair-stand test at 12 weeks
Muscle strength (Chair-stand test)
Time Frame: Change from baseline Chair-stand test at 12 weeks
The time to perform the first five stands executed correctly
Change from baseline Chair-stand test at 12 weeks
Power muscle
Time Frame: Change from baseline vertical countermovement jump at 12 weeks
Vertical countermovement jump tests
Change from baseline vertical countermovement jump at 12 weeks
Quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire)
Time Frame: Change from baseline QoL score at 12 weeks
The questionnaire contains 26 questions and is divided into four domains (physical, psychological, social and environmental). Responses follow a Likert scale (1 to 5, the higher the score the better the quality of life) and the values of each domain will be expressed in percentage values.
Change from baseline QoL score at 12 weeks
Enjoyment (PACES questionnaire)
Time Frame: Will be measured during intervention period throughout the first session of weeks 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12.
The scale is composed of 18 items in a bipolar affirmations format (i.e., "amused" versus "not-amused") punctuated in a range from the minimum value "1" to the maximum value "7".
Will be measured during intervention period throughout the first session of weeks 1, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 12.

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

Collaborators

Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Rodrigo Ferrari, PhD, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 6, 2023

Primary Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2023

Study Completion (Actual)

December 31, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

April 8, 2019

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 8, 2019

First Posted (Actual)

April 10, 2019

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

November 20, 2025

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 17, 2025

Last Verified

November 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 96487118000005327b

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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