- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT03995693
Fuel Selection During Eccentric Cycling With Glucose Ingestion
May 16, 2022 updated by: Jonathan Tremblay, Université de Montréal
Fuel Selection During Eccentric Cycling: Comparison With Concentric Cycling and the Effect of Glucose Ingestion During Exercise
This study compares fuel selection during eccentric and concentric cycling, with (placebo) or without glucose ingestion during exercise.
After a 2-week familiarization and habituation with the ergometers, subjects will complete four experimental conditions in a randomized order: concentric with placebo, eccentric with placebo, concentric with glucose, eccentric with glucose.
Study Overview
Status
Completed
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
- Dietary supplement: Solution ingestion
- Behavioral: Constant load arm cranking
- Procedure: Expired gas sampling
- Procedure: Indirect respiratory calorimetry
- Procedure: Blood sampling
- Behavioral: Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production
- Diagnostic test: Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)
- Diagnostic test: Measure of central and cutaneous temperatures
- Diagnostic test: Measure of perceived exertion, pain perception and affective response
- Procedure: Measure of sweat and urine production
Detailed Description
Cycling on a cycle ergometer typically requires repeated concentric muscle contractions to push on the pedals and produce mechanical work.
An eccentric cycling ergometer has a motor that rotates the cranks with a predetermined torque, the cyclist needs to resist to the movement of the cranks.
This leads to eccentric muscle contractions, the work is thus produced while the muscle is lengthening (negative work).
This mode of exercise is known to produce a lower oxygen consumption (energy cost) for the same mechanical power output and also leads to muscle damage which can interfere with fuel selection.
Study Type
Interventional
Enrollment (Actual)
75
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.
Study Locations
-
-
Quebec
-
Montréal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3J7
- Centre d'éducation physique et sportive de l'Université de Montréal (CEPSUM)
-
-
Participation Criteria
Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
18 years to 45 years (Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
No
Genders Eligible for Study
Male
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Low alcohol consumption (<3 drinks/week)
- Non-smokers
- Not regularly taking medication for a known pathology
- Regularly practices endurance sports (cycling, running, etc.)
Exclusion Criteria:
- Intolerant to glucose (according to WHO standards)
- Musculoskeletal injury or illness affecting exercise performance
- Failure to respect protocol guidelines (diet, exercise prior to experimentation, etc.)
Study Plan
This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Basic Science
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
- Masking: Single
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Concentric cycling with placebo ingestion
Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of CONCENTRIC cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2.
A PLACEBO solution (water with a non-caloric sweetener) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed.
Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.
|
Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution.
The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution.
The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C.
Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period.
In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.
The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.
Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases.
This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes.
This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.
Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production.
These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.
Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.
Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape.
A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment.
These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.
100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling.
At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".
Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder.
Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production.
A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants.
A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period.
Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.
|
Experimental: Concentric cycling with glucose ingestion
Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of concentric cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2.
A GLUCOSE solution (glucose with a trace amount of 13C) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed.
Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.
|
Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution.
The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution.
The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C.
Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period.
In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.
The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.
Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases.
This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes.
This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.
Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production.
These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.
Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.
Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape.
A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment.
These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.
100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling.
At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".
Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder.
Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production.
A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants.
A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period.
Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.
|
Experimental: Eccentric cycling with placebo ingestion
Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of ECCENTRIC cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2.
A PLACEBO solution (water with a non-caloric sweetener) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed.
Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.
|
Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution.
The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution.
The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C.
Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period.
In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.
The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.
Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases.
This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes.
This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.
Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production.
These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.
Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.
Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape.
A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment.
These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.
100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling.
At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".
Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder.
Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production.
A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants.
A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period.
Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.
|
Experimental: Eccentric cycling with glucose ingestion
Participants will complete 45 minutes of arm cranking at an intensity corresponding to 30% of the concentric cycling VO2max, followed by 35 minutes of ECCENTRIC cycling on a recumbent ergometer at the same VO2.
A GLUCOSE solution (glucose with a trace amount of 13C) will be ingested 30 min prior to starting exercise and every 15 min thereafter, until the exercise is completed.
Indirect respiratory calorimetry, expired gas sampling, blood sampling will occur will be performed 4 minutes before each ingestion.
|
Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution.
The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution.
The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C.
Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period.
In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.
The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.
Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases.
This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes.
This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.
A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.
Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production.
These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.
Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.
Wireless sensors will be placed on the skin of the arm, chest, back, abdomen, thigh and calf using adhesive tape.
A wireless thermometric pill will be ingested the morning of the experiment.
These will allow the measurement of skin and central temperatures throughout the exercise protocol.
100 points scales (CR100) will be used to measure perceived exertion and pain perception immediately before ingesting the gas sampling.
At the same time, affective responses will be assessed using the "Feeling scale".
Sweat production and sampling will be performed by measuring body weight before and after exercise, after voiding the bladder.
Mass loss through the urine and gases will be accounted for in order to compute sweat production.
A sweat sample will be collected using a cotton gauze placed into a plastic collector affixed in the upper back of the participants.
A urine sample will be taken from the urine collected at the end of the exercise period.
Urine and sweat volumes along with respective urea concentrations will be used to compute protein oxidation during exercise.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Exogenous glucose oxidation
Time Frame: Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Measured by indirect respiratory calorimetry combined with tracer techniques.
|
Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Maximal voluntary force production
Time Frame: Change between baseline and end of exercise
|
Measured using isometric bilateral knee extensions
|
Change between baseline and end of exercise
|
Central and skin temperature
Time Frame: Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Measured using a thermometric pill and skin-surface electrodes
|
Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Perceived exertion
Time Frame: Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Measured using a Category Ratio scale on 100 points (CR100), 0 signifies no exertion and 100 being maximal effort.
|
Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Blood insulin concentration
Time Frame: For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood is sampled using a venous catheter over about 60 seconds.
Following centrifugation to extract the plasma, a small sample is used to measure insulin concentration.
|
For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood glucose concentration
Time Frame: For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood is sampled using a venous catheter over about 60 seconds.
Following centrifugation to extract the plasma, a small sample is used to measure glucose concentration.
|
For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood free-fatty acid concentration
Time Frame: For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood is sampled using a venous catheter over about 60 seconds.
Following centrifugation to extract the plasma, a small sample is used to measure free-fatty acid concentration.
|
For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood lactate concentration
Time Frame: For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Blood is sampled using a venous catheter over about 60 seconds.
Following centrifugation to extract the plasma, a small sample is used to measure lactate concentration.
|
For 0 minutes corresponds to the beginning of exercise, at -31, -1, 14, 29, 44, 49, 59 and 69 minutes
|
Total carbohydrate, fat and protein oxidation
Time Frame: Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Measured by indirect respiratory calorimetry corrected for urea excretion in sweat and urine
|
Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Pain perception: VAS
Time Frame: Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Visual analogue pain scale of 25 cm, relative distance converted to score on 100 points.
Higher values correspond to greater pain sensation.
|
Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Affective response
Time Frame: Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Feeling scale, ranging from -5 to +5, reporting the mood (Hardy & Rejeski, 1989).
-5 corresponds to very bad and +5 to very good.
|
Average over the 35 minutes of eccentric or concentric exercise
|
Collaborators and Investigators
This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jonathan Tremblay, PhD, Université de Montréal
Study record dates
These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
August 1, 2019
Primary Completion (Actual)
December 1, 2021
Study Completion (Actual)
December 1, 2021
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
May 24, 2019
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
June 21, 2019
First Posted (Actual)
June 24, 2019
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
May 17, 2022
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
May 16, 2022
Last Verified
May 1, 2022
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Other Study ID Numbers
- eccentric-exogenous
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
No
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
No
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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