Rituximab and Ibrutinib (RI) Versus Dexamethasone, Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide (DRC) as Initial Therapy for Waldenström's Macroglobulinaemia (RAINBOW)

Randomised Phase II/III Study of Rituximab and Ibrutinib (RI) Versus Dexamethasone, Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide (DRC) as Initial Therapy for Waldenström's Macroglobulinaemia

Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM) is a rare type of slow growing lymphoma. It develops when white blood cells grow abnormally.

Typically a disease of the elderly, the median age of presentation is >70 years and the current treatment for WM is unsatisfactory, with incomplete responses and inevitable recurrence. Therefore there is a need to find alternative treatments that are more effective, leading to lasting responses and improved quality of life.

The RAINBOW study is a phase 2-3 trial assessing 'chemotherapy free' treatment as primary therapy for WM which can potentially improve response outcome, durability and importantly, reduce toxicity for WM patients. This approach will be done using the drug Ibrutinib, which in combination with rituximab (RI) will be the experimental arm. As there is no agreed standard on first-line therapy for WM, the control arm is the current treatment based on the most recently published clinical trial results. The control arm consists of rituximab, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (DCR), and is widely recommended by international consensus as appropriate treatment for first-line therapy for WM.

In this study, 148 adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with treatment naïve WM will be randomised on a 1:1 ratio to either the treatment or control arm.

Randomised treatment lasts for a maximum of 6 cycles and response will be assessed following 3 cycles of treatment and completion of randomised treatment at approximately 24 weeks after commencing treatment. RI patients may then have up to 5 years of Ibrutinib monotherapy.

Patients will be seen regularly during treatment and then every 3 months for 5 years after treatment discontinuation. Patients will enter annual follow up for survival until the end of trial (including progressed patients).

The study will be conducted at NHS hospitals and is expected to last 9 years and 6 months.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, rituximab; Drug: Rituximab, ibrutinib

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 148
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: RAINBOW Trial Coordinator; Phone Number: 0207 679 9243; Email: ctc.rainbow@ucl.ac.uk

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Bath, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Royal United Hospital, Bath
    • Contact: Josephine Crowe
  • Bournemouth, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • The Royal Bournemouth and Christchurch Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    • Contact: Helen McCarthy
  • Canterbury, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust
    • Contact: Jindriska Lindsay
  • Cardiff, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • University Hospital of Wales
    • Contact: Simona Gatto
  • Colchester, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Colchester
    • Contact: Gavin Campbell
  • Dewsbury, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • MidYorkshire NHS Trust
    • Contact: William Wong
  • Exeter, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Royal Devon University Hospital
    • Contact: Paul Kerr
  • Hull, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Castle Hill Hospital
    • Contact: James Bailey
  • Lanark, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • NHS Lanarkshire
    • Contact: Iain Singer
    • Principal Investigator: Iain Singer
  • Leicester, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Leicester Royal Infirmary
    • Contact: Ben Kennedy
  • London, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • King's College Hospital
    • Contact: Kirsty Cuthill
  • London, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
    • Contact: Shirley D'Sa
  • London, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Barts Health NHS Trust
    • Contact: Rebecca Auer
  • London, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust
    • Contact: Karan Wadehra
  • Manchester, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Christie NHS Foundation Trust
    • Contact: Kim Linton
  • Norwich, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Norfolk and Norwich Hospital
    • Contact: Angela Collins
  • Oxford, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Oxford University Hospital
    • Contact: Kesavan Murali
  • Plymouth, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust
    • Contact: David Lewis
  • Torquay, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Torbay & Newton Abbot Hospital
    • Contact: Deborah Turner
  • Truro, United Kingdom
    • Recruiting
    • Royal Cornwall Hospital
    • Contact: David Tucker

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients ≥ 18 years
2. Confirmed diagnosis of WM (according to consensus panel / WHO criteria) with measurable IgM paraprotein

3. Previously untreated disease at any stage requiring therapy at the discretion of the treating physician. Suggested criteria for initiating treatment include:

   • haematological suppression to Hb <10g/dl, or neutrophils <1.5x109/l or platelets <150x109/l
   • clinical evidence of hyperviscosity
   • bulky lymphadenopathy and/or bulky splenomegaly
   • presence of B symptoms
4. No previous chemotherapy (prior plasma exchange and steroids are permissible)
5. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status grade 0 - 2
6. Life expectancy of greater than 6 months
7. Written informed consent
8. Willing to comply with the contraceptive requirements of the trial
9. Negative serum or urine pregnancy test for women of childbearing potential (WOCBP)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior therapy for WM
2. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with no detectable serum IgM paraprotein
3. CNS involvement with WM
4. Autoimmune cytopenias
5. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to randomisation

6. Clinically significant cardiac disease including the following:

   • Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to randomisation
   • Unstable angina within 3 months prior to randomisation
   • New York Heart Association class III or IV congestive heart failure
   • History of clinically significant arrhythmias (e.g. sustained ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, torsades de pointes)
   • QTcF > 480 msecs based on Fredericia's formula or Bazette's formula
   • History of Mobitz II second degree or third degree heart block without a permanent pacemaker in place
   • Uncontrolled hypertension as indicated by a minimum of 2 consecutive blood pressure measurements showing systolic blood pressure > 170 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure > 105 mm Hg
   • Cardiac event within 6 months of screening (e.g. coronary artery stent) requiring dual antiplatelet treatment
7. History of stroke or intracranial haemorrhage within 6 months prior to randomisation
8. Requires anticoagulation with warfarin or equivalent vitamin K antagonists (direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) allowed)
9. History of severe bleeding disorders considered not to be disease related (Haemophilia A, B or von Willebrand's disease)
10. Requires ongoing treatment with a strong CYP3A inhibitor or inducer

11. Known infection with HIV, or serologic status reflecting active hepatitis B or C infection as follows:

    • Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). In addition, if negative for HBsAg but HBcAb positive (regardless of HBsAb status), a HB DNA test will be performed and if positive the patient will be excluded
    • Presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody. Patients with presence of HCV antibody are eligible if HCV RNA is undetectable
12. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding or males expecting to conceive or father children at any point from the start of treatment until the end of the "at risk period"
13. Renal failure (creatinine clearance <30 ml/min as estimated by the Cockroft-Gault equation)
14. Patients with chronic liver disease with hepatic impairment Child-Pugh class B or C
15. Known history of anaphylaxis following exposure to rat or mouse derived CDR-grafted humanised monoclonal antibodies.
16. Inability to swallow oral medication
17. Disease significantly affecting gastrointestinal function and/or inhibiting small intestine absorption (e.g. malabsorption syndrome, resection of the small bowel, poorly controlled inflammatory bowel disease)
18. Active systemic infection requiring treatment
19. Concomitant treatment with another investigational agent
20. Any life-threatening illness, medical condition, organ system dysfunction, need for profound anticoagulation, or bleeding disorder, which, in the investigator's opinion, could compromise the patient's safety, or put the study at risk
21. Unwilling or unable to take PCP prophylaxis (e.g. cotrimoxazole)

22. History of prior malignancy, with the exception of the following:

    • Malignancy treated with curative intent and with no evidence of active disease present for more than 3 years prior to screening and felt to be at low risk for recurrence by treating physician
    • Adequately treated non-melanomatous skin cancer or lentigo maligna melanoma, superficial bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast or localized Gleason score 6 prostate cancer without current evidence of disease.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: DRC Arm; The DRC arm (chemotherapy) is the control arm and consists of rituximab, cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. It is widely recommended by international consensus as appropriate treatment for first-line therapy for WM.	Drug: Dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, rituximab; DRC Arm (chemotherapy) consists of dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide and rituximab treatment
Experimental: RI Arm; The RI arm (chemotherapy free) arm will be using the drug ibrutinib, which in combination with rituximab (RI) will be the experimental arm.	Drug: Rituximab, ibrutinib; RI Arm (chemotherapy free) consists of rituximab and ibrutinib treatment

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Percentage of patients achieving a preliminary efficacy (response) of the 'chemotherapy free' combination of rituximab and ibrutinib (RI) as primary therapy for WM.	Overall response rate at week 24
Progression free survival (PFS) analysis of rituximab/ibrutinib (RI) when compared to dexamethasone/rituximab/cyclophosphamide (DRC) at 2 years after the last randomisation	2 years after the last randomisation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Safety and tolerability of RI compared to DRC assessed by the frequency of serious and non-serious adverse events according to CTCAE v5.0		until 30 calendar days post last IMP administration
Overall response rate (defined as complete response [CR], very good partial response [VGPR], partial response [PR] and minor response [MR]) of RI compared to DRC (at end of randomised treatment and best response over any time point)		through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Time to next treatment		through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Duration of response of RI compared to DRC	(responding patients only)	through study completion, an average of 2 years.
Overall survival (OS) of patients treated with RI compared to DRC		date of randomisation until the date of death (of any cause)
Quality of Life:EQ-5D-5L questionnaire	Change in quality of life (QoL) responses in each arm assessed by EQ-5D-5L questionnaire	1 year and 2 years after completion of randomised treatment against the baseline quality of life score

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University College, London
• Collaborators: Janssen-Cilag Ltd.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 3, 2020
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): August 28, 2024
• Study Completion (Anticipated): February 28, 2029

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 1, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 16, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): August 19, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 10, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 9, 2023
• Last Verified: May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Neoplasms by Histologic Type; Neoplasms; Lymphoproliferative Disorders; Lymphatic Diseases; Immunoproliferative Disorders; Hematologic Diseases; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Hemostatic Disorders; Paraproteinemias; Blood Protein Disorders; Neoplasms, Plasma Cell; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Antiemetics; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating; Alkylating Agents; Myeloablative Agonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Dexamethasone; Cyclophosphamide; Rituximab
• Other Study ID Numbers: UCL/18/0438

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No