Ivermectin, Aspirin, Dexamethasone and Enoxaparin as Treatment of Covid 19 (IDEA)

Evaluation of Ivermectin, Aspirin, Dexamethasone and Enoxaparin as Treatment of covid19

The associated use of Ivermectin, aspirin, dexamethasone, and enoxaparin (in different combinations and doses) will reduce the impact of COVID infection 19, the need of admission to the intensive care unit, and mortality.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Ventilation Pneumonitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Ivermectin 5 MG/ML oral solution, Aspirin 250 mg tablets; Other: Ivermectin 5 mg/mL oral solution, Dexamethasone 4-mg injection, Aspirin 250 mg tablets; Other: Ivermectin 5 MG/ML oral solution, Dexamethasone 4-mg injection, Enoxaparin injection. Inpatient treatment with mechanical ventilation in ICU.

Detailed Description

Between 30 and 50% of patients who contract COVID 19 will be asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic. This fact will not give rise to the consult, and will directly affect a notorious sub-registration of the cases.

The second, even more disturbing, premise is that these patients are as contagious as the moderate and severe cases.

The virus incubation period has been calculated at 5.1 days (95% CI, 4.5 to 5.8 days), and 97.5% of patients are said to have symptoms at 11 days (95% CI 8.2 to 15.6 days).

A mortality of 5.7% has been calculated. The average COVID patient presents with fever (78%), cough (60-79%) and myalgias or fatigue (35.8 to 44%).

55% develop dyspnea, which appears on average 8 days after the onset of symptoms.

To the manifestations expressed above, the presence of bilateral conjunctival injection should be added, without associated secretions, hypogeusia, skin rash and hyposmia.

Diagnostic confirmation is made through laboratory studies, which can be performed on a wide variety of biological samples.

Bronchoalveolar lavage samples showed the highest sensitivity (93%), followed by sputum samples (72%), nasal swabs (63%), fiberoptic brush biopsy (46%), pharyngeal swabs (32%), feces ( 29%) and, finally, blood (1%). A sensitivity of 91% is reported in saliva samples.

Evidence suggests that a subgroup of patients with severe forms of COVID 19 may have cytokine storm syndrome.

Therefore, we recommend the identification and treatment of hyperinflammation using existing approved therapies with proven safety profiles to address the immediate need to reduce increasing mortality (see Therapeutic Proposal).

Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (SHLH) is a poorly recognized hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by fatal and fulminant hypercytokinemia with multiple organ failure.

In adults, SHLH is most often triggered by viral infections, and occurs in 3.7-4.3% of sepsis cases.

The cardinal features of sHLH include constant fever, cytopenias, and hyperferritinemia; Pulmonary involvement (including ARDS) occurs in approximately 50% of patients.

A cytokine profile that resembles sHLH is associated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, characterized by an increase in interleukin (IL) -2, IL-7, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, protein 10 inducible by interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α and tumor necrosis factor-α.

Mortality predictors from a recent multicenter retrospective study of 150 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China included elevated ferritin (mean 1297.6 ng / ml in non-survivors versus 614.0 ng / ml in survivors; p <0.001) and IL-6 (p <0.0001), suggesting that mortality could be due to viral hyperinflammation.

However, cases have been reported where tissue and organ involvement has been found whose concentration of ACE receptors is very dissimilar (myocardium, brain). In all of them, the common denominator was small vessel thrombosis, as seen in entities such as Catastrophic Antiphospholidic Syndrome.

Currently the Virchow triad factors have been narrowed down in more detail:

Circulatory stasis: abnormalities of hemorrheology and turbulence in vascular bifurcations and stenotic regions.

Injury to the vascular wall: abnormalities in the endothelium, such as atherosclerosis and associated vascular inflammation.

Hypercoagulable state: abnormalities in the coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways and in platelet function associated with an increased risk of VTE and other cardiovascular diseases (such as coronary artery disease [CPA], heart failure and stroke in patients with AF). All lead to a state of hypercoagulability, which could explain the formation of microthrombosis in different locations, as has been repeatedly reported in patients with COVID 19.

BASES OF THE PROPOSED THERAPEUTICS They rest on four pillars: Ivermectin, Aspirin, Dexamentasone and Enoxaparin. IVERMECTIN Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic, with vermicidal and ectoparasiticidal properties. It was discovered and marketed for animal use in the early 1980s.

Approved in 1997 by the FDA for single-dose strongyllidiasis of 200 mcg / kg and crusted scabies (Scabies Norway) in patients with AIDS at a dose of 200 mcg / kg, every week for 2 weeks.

In Argentina, it has been available for human use for almost 20 years. But, much more recently, its viricidal effects have been compiled on different varieties of flavivirus, dengue, Zica, Chikunguña, etc.

Ivermectin has been reported to be a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor. This activity is believed to be due to the dependence of many different RNA viruses on IMPα / β1 during infection. These reports suggested that the inhibitory activity of ivermectin nuclear transport may be effective against SARS-CoV-2, since they demonstrate that ivermectin has antiviral action against the clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, with a single dose capable to control viral replication in 24-48 hours. in vitro.

Although in vitro studies have used doses that -extrapolated to those recommended in the treatment of ectoparasitosis in humans- might seem high, the truth is that studies carried out in healthy volunteers, more than two decades ago, proved that the usual doses they can be increased tenfold, without significant side and / or adverse effects.

ASPIRIN Aspirin is the common name for acetylsalicylic acid. The chemical production is based on the salicylic acid obtained by synthesis. Its most common uses and for what it was first used was as an analgesic (for pain), antipyretic (to lower fever) and anti-inflammatory. It is classified as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). In 1989 the first large study was published that proved that Aspirin reduces cardiovascular risk, acting as an antiplatelet agent.

These were low-dose Aspirin, and the risk of myocardial infarction was found to decrease by 44% when the previously named dose of Aspirin was administered.

HEPARIN AND ENOXAPARIN Heparins are injectable anticoagulant substances. A distinction should be made between standard heparin or unfractionated heparin (HNF) and low molecular weight heparins (LMWH).

HNF is made up of a heterogeneous mixture of polysaccharide chains of variable length.

LMWHs are the result of fragmentation of HNF by different methods to achieve products with lower and more homogeneous molecular weights. They are also made up of a mixture of polysaccharide chains and their average molecular weight is much lower. The antithrombotic and anticoagulant activity of HNF is related to the ability to inhibit factor Xa and factor IIa respectively. LMWHs have less inhibitory activity to thrombin or factor IIa but maintain the same potency with respect to factor Xa, so it is expected that they present a lower risk of bleeding but the same antithrombotic activity.

CORTICOSTEROIDS Systemic corticosteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agents. They can be administered intravenously, intramuscularly, orally, intralesionally, and topically. Its side effects increase with high, long and frequent doses. Corticosteroids are drugs frequently used in various clinical situations, because they are powerful anti-inflammatories and immunomodulators. Glucocorticoids passively diffuse through the cell membrane, then join soluble receptor proteins in the cytoplasm. They are used, among others, for the treatment of some rheumatic diseases. A separate case, well known but not studied in the current contingency, is acute adrenal insufficiency.

CURRENT IDEA TRIAL Based on the precedent data, we started a Clinical Trial based on the above-mentioned four drugs, on a gradual scale, and according the severity of each case. In order to determine the dose and combination, we developed our own Severity Score.

INTERPRETATION:

Mild cases Only minor criteria findings Moderate cases 3 major crit. findings, or 2 major + 2 minor Severe cases 4 major crit. Findings or 3 major + 2/3 minor

Based on the previous criteria, we used the following combinations and doses:

DISEASE SEVERITY Firm Suspicious Case or Confirmed case 24 mg orally at a dose of 200 ug / kg in a single dose, to be repeated a week later Aspirin 250 mg orally Moderate clinical stage 36 mg orally at a dose of 400 ug / kg in a single dose, to be repeated a week later Dexamethasone 4 mg/day (parenteral) Aspirin 250 mg orally Low Flow Washed Oxygen or Oxygen Concentrator Severe case with bilateral pneumonia 48 mg via gastric cannulae, to be repeated a week later Dexamethasone 4 mg/day (parenteral) Enoxaparin100 UI/kg (1 mg/kg) Mechanical Ventilation

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 167

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Argentina
  • Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1802
    • Hospital Eurnekian

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 5 years and older (Child, Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients bothe genders, ages 5 or up, non pregnant, capable of accepting participation in trial (granted by signed premission), and affected by COVID 19

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

patients with positive oral/nasal swabs

Exclusion Criteria:

Children under 5 years old Pregnant women Previous reports of allergy to any of the drugs used in the clinical trial

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

3

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
Mild cases; This group includes patients diagnosed positive for COVID-19 via rtPCR and presenting only mild symptoms such as: fever not above 38.5 °C; isolated diarrheal episodes, hyposmia or hypogeusia, mild desaturation (93 - 96 %), dyspnea without matter, polymyoarthralgias, persistent headache, abdominal pain.	Drug: Ivermectin 5 MG/ML oral solution, Aspirin 250 mg tablets; 24 mg oral Ivermectin on days 0 and 7 and 1 Aspirin tablet daily for 30 days. Outpatient treatment.; Other Names: Outpatient treatment
Moderate cases; This group includes patients diagnosed positive for COVID-19 via rtPCR and presenting either: 3 severe symptoms (i.e. fever above 38.5 °C, diarrhea with more than 3 daily depositions, flictenular conjunctivitis, strong desaturation (92% or less), tachypnea (FR> 25 / minute) or 2 severe symptoms + 2 mild symptoms (fever not above 38.5 °C; isolated diarrheal episodes, hyposmia or hypogeusia, mild desaturation (93 - 96 %), dyspnea without matter, polymyoarthralgias, persistent headache, abdominal pain)	Other: Ivermectin 5 mg/mL oral solution, Dexamethasone 4-mg injection, Aspirin 250 mg tablets; 36 mg oral Ivermectin on days 0 and 7; 1 daily injection of 4-mg Dexamethasone until discharge, 1 Aspirin tablet daily for 30 days. Inpatient treatment in ward care, including Low flow washed oxygen or oxygen concentrator; Other Names: Inpatient treatment in ward care
Severe cases; This group includes patients diagnosed positive for COVID-19 via rtPCR and presenting either: 4 severe symptoms or 3 severe symptoms and not less than 2 mild symptoms or clinical signs of bilateral viral pneumonia	Other: Ivermectin 5 MG/ML oral solution, Dexamethasone 4-mg injection, Enoxaparin injection. Inpatient treatment with mechanical ventilation in ICU.; 48 mg oral Ivermectin on days 0 and 7; 1 daily injection of 4-mg Dexamethasone until discharge, Enoxaparin 100 IU/kg (ca. 1 mg/kg) daily until transfer to ward care. Then continue with inpatient treatment in ward care.; Other Names: Inpatient treatment in ICU

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patients Who Improved Their Condition or Did Not Worsen it	Number of patients who did not go to a more severe stage of disease or die (i.e. they neither go from mild to moderate or severe, nor go from moderate to severe or die, if they had been already enrolled in a severe condition)	7 days
ICU-treated Patients After 2-week Treatment	Number of patients needing ICU-treatment including mechanical ventilation after 2-week treatment	14 days
Mortality	Patients who died within 30 days after enrollment	30 days
Patients Needing Drug Dose Adjustment	Patients who needed dose adjustment of any of the drugs involved in the treatment protocol	14 days
Adverse Events	Patient presenting serious adverse events	14 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Eurnekian Public Hospital
• Investigators: Study Chair: Alfredo Secchi, M.D., President Ethical Commitee, Hospital Eurnekian

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, Jans DA, Wagstaff KM. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral Res. 2020 Jun;178:104787. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104787. Epub 2020 Apr 3.
• Rizzo E. Ivermectin, antiviral properties and COVID-19: a possible new mechanism of action. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 Jul;393(7):1153-1156. doi: 10.1007/s00210-020-01902-5. Epub 2020 May 27.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 30, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): August 30, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 8, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 8, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): June 11, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 19, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 8, 2020
• Last Verified: October 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: COVID 19 IVERMECTIN ASPIRIN DEXAMETASONE ENOXAPARIN
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pneumonia, Viral; Lung Diseases; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; COVID-19; Pneumonia; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Analgesics; Sensory System Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antirheumatic Agents; Fibrinolytic Agents; Fibrin Modulating Agents; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Antipyretics; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiemetics; Gastrointestinal Agents; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal; Protease Inhibitors; Anticoagulants; Antiparasitic Agents; Aspirin; Dexamethasone; Dexamethasone acetate; BB 1101; Enoxaparin; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Ivermectin
• Other Study ID Numbers: IDEA

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided
• IPD Plan Description: Personal data will remain secret. Only clinical descriptions (age, gender, co-morbidities, evolution, outcomes will be released

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No