Sylvatic Transmission of Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya Viruses in Thailand and Cambodia

Investigating the Sylvatic Transmission and Reservoir Potential of Zika, Dengue, and Chikungunya Viruses of Co-located Humans and Long-tailed Macaques of Thailand and Cambodia

Background:

Zika, dengue, and chikungunya are spread by mosquitos. These diseases have a major impact on public health. This is especially true in in Southeast Asia. Non-human primates (such as macaques) could play an essential role in spreading these diseases. Researchers want to further understand the relationship between humans and these primates. They want to see how this affects how mosquito-borne viruses are spread in Southeast Asia.

Objective:

To describe the prevalence of Zika virus, dengue virus, and chikungunya virus in the blood of people who live close to long-tailed macaques in Thailand and Cambodia.

Eligibility:

Healthy people aged 18-55 who have lived or worked within approximately 10 kilometers of the Wat Amphae Phnom monkey habitat in Kampong Speu, Cambodia, for a minimum of 2 years

Design:

Participation will last 1 day.

Participants will be screened in person through an interview. Their medical history will be reviewed.

Participants will give information about themselves. This will include sex, age, and behaviors related to the spread of mosquito-borne disease. For example, they will be asked about the number of water containers at their home. They will be asked about recent travel. They will be asked about the extent of their contact with the macaques.

Participants will give a blood sample....

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dengue Fever; Chikungunya; Zika; Vector-Borne Diseases

Detailed Description

Arboviral epidemics continue to emerge suddenly and spread of disease is unpredictable. The 2015-16 Zika epidemic resulted in a high case number in Thailand, but not in neighboring Cambodia. It is known that nonhuman primates (NHPs) are important reservoirs of arboviruses, but the importance of their epidemiological role in the transmission of arboviruses is not clearly understood. While transmission dynamics are complex and require consideration of many variables, primate reservoirs are not routinely sampled, particularly in Southeast Asia, because of the level of operational complexity and skill required.

Here, we propose a serological survey for evidence of Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) exposure in long-tailed macaques and human adults who live or work in close proximity to these monkeys in Thailand and Cambodia. We hypothesize that ZIKV seroprevalence in both humans and macaques will be higher in Thailand than Cambodia. With the current rise of arboviral diseases around the world, we hope the results of this study contribute to better understanding of the epidemiology and burden of arboviral diseases in this region.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 300

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Cambodia
  • Phnom Penh, Cambodia
    • National Malaria Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 55 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Healthy male or female volunteers from Chbar Mon, Cambodia who live or work within approximately 10 km of long-tailed macaque habitats for a minimum of 2 years.

Description

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

1. Provision of signed and dated ICF
2. Able to provide informed consent
3. Stated willingness to comply with study procedures
4. Male or female, aged 18-55 years
5. Live/work within approximately 10 km of the Wat Amphae Phnom monkey habitat for minimum of 2 years
6. In good general health as evidenced by screening medical history
7. Willing to allow biological samples to be stored for future research

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

1. Any underlying, chronic, or current medical condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with participation in the study (e.g., inability or great difficulty in drawing blood)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
1; Healthy Cambodian Adults aged 18-55 were screened for antibodies to ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV at a single time point at Amphae Phnom, Chbar Mon, Cambodia.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Assessment of DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV Seroprevalence Via Screening PRNT50 Titers in Cambodian Adults.	Proportion of Participants with DENV, ZIKV, CHIKV Seroprevalence Via Screening PRNT50. Outcome will be analyzed unadjusted and adjusted for age, location, vector exposure, and sylvatic reservoir exposure.	300 at day 0

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Comparative Assessment of Seroprevalence Via PRNT50 Titers for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV in Cambodian Adults to That of Thai Adults.	Understanding how the prevalence of these Aedes transmitted viruses differs across the Mekong region is critical for cross-border disease detection and management, particularly given the high level of human migration in the Greater Mekong Subregion.	Day 0
Assessment of Reactivity to Salivary Gland Homogenate of Aedes Aegypti as Detected by ELISA or Western Blot in Human Sera.	Characterizing vector salivary protein reactivity profiles (mosquitos, ticks, fleas) in Cambodians with vector- borne disease is the first step to better understanding transmission patterns, responsible vectors, and Cambodians' risk of exposure to these vectors.	Day 0

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Christina Yek, M.D., National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF, George DB, Jaenisch T, Wint GR, Simmons CP, Scott TW, Farrar JJ, Hay SI. The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):504-7. doi: 10.1038/nature12060. Epub 2013 Apr 7.
• Ruchusatsawat K, Wongjaroen P, Posanacharoen A, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Sangkitporn S, Cummings DAT, Salje H. Long-term circulation of Zika virus in Thailand: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Apr;19(4):439-446. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30718-7. Epub 2019 Feb 27. Erratum In: Lancet Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 8;:
• Weaver SC, Lecuit M. Chikungunya virus and the global spread of a mosquito-borne disease. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 26;372(13):1231-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1406035. No abstract available.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 8, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): May 7, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): May 7, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 16, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 16, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): June 17, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 26, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 27, 2024
• Last Verified: May 7, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Natural History; Seroprevalence; Arbovirus; Vector-Borne Diseases; Southeast Asia; Serological Survey
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Arbovirus Infections; Flavivirus Infections; Flaviviridae Infections; Hemorrhagic Fevers, Viral; Alphavirus Infections; Togaviridae Infections; Mosquito-Borne Diseases; Dengue; Chikungunya Fever; Vector Borne Diseases
• Other Study ID Numbers: 999920054; 20-I-N054