Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Perceived Stress, Anxiety, Mood, and Training Quality in Elite Athletes.

April 28, 2021 updated by: Ihsan Balkaya, Uskudar University
In this study, the investigator aims to measure stress, anxiety, mood, life satisfaction measures among elite athletes during COVID-19 and measure the relationship between these measures and the changes in training characteristics in elite athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. On the same day, the first COVID-19 case reported in Turkey and nationwide quarantine regulations started after a spike in case numbers. In the world of sports, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic started with staging games without spectators, gradually all sports events and team practices were postponed. Soon later, athletes advised to quarantine at home and continue training individually. Similar to previous study results, the COVID-19 outbreak expected to cause a profound and wide range of psychosocial impacts on people during outbreaks of infection. In fact, preliminary results from a study in China showed a moderate to severe degree psychological impact on more than half of the respondents. However, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health symptoms in elite athletes has not been investigated.

In this study, the investigator aims to investigate stress, anxiety, mood, life satisfaction measures among elite athletes during COVID-19 and explore the potential relationship between these measures and the changes in training characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Actual)

208

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey, 34662
        • Uskudar University

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years to 33 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Probability Sample

Study Population

Elite Athletes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Elite Athletes between age of 18-35

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Athletes with history of COVID-19 disease
  • Athetes with first-degree family members who have/had the COVID-19 disease
  • Athletes with non-covid related injuries restraining from physical activity
  • History of psychiatric disease

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Observational Models: Other
  • Time Perspectives: Retrospective

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intervention / Treatment
Elite Athletes
Other: Online Survey
Online Survey

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Sociodemographic information and training characteristics
Time Frame: at inclusion
Sociodemographic information and training characteristics Participants asked to provide sociodemographic information. Also, the difference in training frequency, duration, and quality after COVID-19 pandemic measured via 22 self-created questions.
at inclusion
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI)
Time Frame: one week
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988) has been widely used to measure the severity of anxiety by self-report and showed to has internal consistency and high test-retest reliability. The Turkish version of the BAI proved to be a reliable and valid measure (Ulusoy et al., 1993). The participant rates how much each symptom has bothered the participant in the past week in the 21-item self-report questionnaire. The symptoms are rated on a four-point scale, ranging from ''not at all'' (0) to ''severely'' (4).
one week
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)
Time Frame: at inclusion
The Visual Analogue Scale (0 not stressed at all - 10 maximum amount of stress) used to measure self-reported stress and anxiety in elite athletes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The VAS showed to be an efficient tool for assessing self-reported stress and anxiety.
at inclusion
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Time Frame: one month
The 14-item version of PSS scale asks patients how often they had experienced thoughts and feelings such as control irritations and stress during the previous one month, with responses ranging from 0 (never) to 4 (very often). The Turkish PSS proved to be a reliable and valid tool to measure perceived stress. The final score obtained by reversing responses (e.g., 0 = 4, 1 = 3, 2 = 2, 3 = 1 & 4 = 0) to the four positively stated items (items 4, 5, 7, & 8) and then summing across all scale items. Higher scores indicating higher levels of perceived stress.
one month
Satisfaction with Life Scale
Time Frame: at inclusion
The Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985) is a 5-item measure designed to measure global cognitive judgments of one's life satisfaction. The answers ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Items are summed to create a total score with higher scores indicating a greater degree of satisfaction with life.
at inclusion
Brunel mood scale (BRUMS)
Time Frame: at inclusion
The BRUMs scale is based on the Profile of Mood States. The Turkish version of the BRUMS scale studied on Turkish athletes, 24-item measures and six subscales in the original version decreased to 19 items and four subscales: anger, depression, vigor, fatigue. The results of the study proved to be valid and reliable (Cakiroglu et al., 2016). Each subscale has a numerical rating scale (0 = not at all, 1 = a bit, 2 = moderate, 3 = enough; 4 = extremely) from which research participant select the one best represents at that time. The results within the subscale are summed and a score range from 0 to 16.
at inclusion

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Uskudar University

Collaborators

New York Medical College

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Mesut Karahan, PhD, Uskudar University

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

May 27, 2020

Primary Completion (Actual)

August 15, 2020

Study Completion (Actual)

August 24, 2020

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 29, 2020

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

June 29, 2020

First Posted (Actual)

July 1, 2020

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 30, 2021

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 28, 2021

Last Verified

April 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 61351342/ 2020-286

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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