Locomotor Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI_IU)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of two different walking training interventions on the recovery of strength, mobility, walking and other measures of health in individuals following traumatic brain injury. During this study, participants will aim to complete up to 15 training sessions over 4-5 weeks of each intervention with at least a 4 week break between interventions. Each training session will last approximately 1 hour, while testing sessions performed at the beginning and end of each intervention will last approximately 3-4 hours. Participation in this research study may last up to 6 months including screening and baseline testing. The possible benefits to participant from participation in this study include increased strength of the participants leg muscles and improved walking ability

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: High Intensity Stepping Training; Behavioral: Conventional Therapy

Detailed Description

The primary goal of the proposed study is to identify the contributions of the amount of task-specific practice on locomotor (i.e., walking) recovery in patients with (> 6 Months) traumatic brain injury (TBI). The investigator will do this by building on our previous work directed towards identifying the essential exercise training parameters that maximize locomotor recovery. Consistent with principles of motor learning and exercise physiology, the investigator contend that certain training (i.e., dosage) parameters of physical rehabilitation, including the type (specificity) and amount of task practice, are critical to mobility outcomes following neurological injury. Previous work suggests these training parameters may influence locomotor recovery in patients with other neurological disorders (i.e., stroke), although few studies have attempted to delineate similar contributions of amount of task-specific practice in neurologic injury. Indeed, no studies have carefully controlled these training parameters during physical rehabilitation of patients with neurologic injury, and such interventions are rarely utilized in the clinical setting. Reasons for these knowledge gaps from other rehabilitation studies to patients with neurologic injury or lack of clinical implementation are unclear, but may be due to adherence to traditional rehabilitation theories. One concern is that practicing only stepping tasks reduces attention towards hallmark physical impairments following neurologic injury, such as loss of strength or postural stability, which are considered primary determinants of decreased mobility. Only a few studies have addressed whether providing only structured stepping training can mitigate these impairments without their explicit practice, but not in the neurologic injury population. A related concern is that focused stepping training without significant attention towards impairments or gait quality may exaggerate altered movement strategies, which could be reinforced with repeated practice. However, there is little data to suggest "worsening" of abnormal gait patterns following high intensity training. Rather, recent findings suggest patients demonstrate more normal kinematics. If focused task specific (i.e., stepping) training is to be applied clinically, participant must delineate its contributions towards improving locomotor function, and their effects on underlying impairments and gait kinematics.

Central hypotheses are that stepping training in TBI results in:1) greater locomotor gains as compared to non-specific interventions; 2) gains in selected impairments underlying gait dysfunction (i.e., strength and metabolic capacity and efficiency); and, 3) improvements in gait quality. To test these hypotheses, the proposed crossover, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial (RCT) is designed to test the effects of specificity of rehabilitation training applied early-post-stroke. In this RCT, patients > 6 post-TBI will be allocated ≤ 15 sessions over approximately 4-5 weeks of high-intensity stepping training or conventional therapy. Importantly, training intensity will be held constant to account for this potential confounding factor. Blinded assessments will be performed prior to and following each training paradigm.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 17
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46254
      • Rehabilitation Hospital of Indiana

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• > 6 months post traumatic brain injury
• 18-75 years old
• ability to walk without physical assistance
• Self selected walking speed of 0.01-1.0 m/s

Exclusion Criteria:

• <18 years old
• >75 years old
• self selected walking speed of > 1.0 m/s
• < 3 months from botulinum toxin injection
• Above the knee brace
• Currently receiving physical therapy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: High Intensity Stepping Training; The primary goal will be to perform continuous stepping while maintaining HR within 70-85% maximum predicted HR (if patients are deconditioned, PTs will gradually increase intensity to desired levels as tolerated). We will also record Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) every 3-5 minutes, with goals of 15-18. Sessions will be divided into ~10 minute increments (~25% of sessions) between speed-dependent treadmill training (described above for treadmill stepping), skill-dependent treadmill training, overground training, and stair climbing.	Behavioral: High Intensity Stepping Training; The goals will be to maximize stepping activity at high intensities for 40 minutes per 1 hour session, with rest breaks as needed Conventional Therapy: : Participants provided conventional therapy will perform various standardized exercise tasks during 40 minutes of 1 hr sessions; Other Names: HIT
Active Comparator: Conventional Therapy; Participants provided conventional therapy will perform various standardized exercise tasks during 40 minutes of 1 hr sessions. The type of therapeutic activities is based on published normative data of typical activities performed during clinical physical therapy sessions with focus on strengthening activities (25% of session); balance activities (25%); locomotor activities (25%), and combined stretching exercises (10-15%) and transfers (10-15%). Intensity of activities will be targeted at 30-40% of their HR reserve in attempts to maintain consistent intensities between training groups.	Behavioral: Conventional Therapy; Participants provided conventional therapy will perform various standardized exercise tasks during 40 minutes of 1 hr sessions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Gait speed	Gait speed is valid, reliable, and sensitive measures related to overall functional ability, and will be assessed by blinded rates. This measure will be performed by blinded assessors who do not participate in the training. Gait speed will be measured at self-selected speeds (SSS; instructions to "walk at normal comfortable pace") and fastest-possible speed (FS: "as fast as you safely can") using the Zeno Walkway (Protokinetics, Haverton, PA).	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks
Change in Endurance	Endurance is valid, reliable, and sensitive measures related to overall functional ability, and will be assessed by blinded rates. This measure will be performed by blinded assessors who do not participate in the training. Gait endurance will be tested using the 6MWT (m) with instructions similar to SSS to minimize fall risk.	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in Strength	• Peak volitional strength - We will assess strength while subjects are seated in an adjustable height chair of a testing apparatus. Three trials of peak isometric volitional hip, knee and ankle torques will be determined bilaterally with significant verbal encouragement for 3-5 sec, and > 1 min duration between trials.	Baseline 1, Post 1 after 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks
Change in gait quality	Gait kinematics: Lower limb kinematics will be collected using an 8-camera motion capture system and 3-dimensional movement of 1" reflective markers affixed to the pelvis/legs. Spatiotemporal metrics will be extracted from the data, with primary measures of peak speed, stride length, cadence. All measures will be compared between fastest speeds achieved at BSL and POST, and at POST speeds matched to BSL peak speed to allow kinematic comparisons while controlling for speeds.	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks
Change in metabolic capacity	peak metabolic capacity will be observed during graded exercise testing on a treadmill wtih peak oxygen consumption	Baseline 1, Post 6 weeks, Baseline 2, Post 6 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Indiana University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: George Hornby, PhD, Indiana University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 1, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 31, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 31, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 16, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 4, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 7, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): May 2, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 30, 2024
• Last Verified: April 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: TBI; Walking; Traumatic Brain Injury
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Craniocerebral Trauma; Trauma, Nervous System; Brain Injuries; Wounds and Injuries; Brain Injuries, Traumatic
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1911962819

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No