The Effects of Protein Supplementation in Females and Males Following Acute Eccentric Exercise

Examine the impact of the protein supplements leucine, HMB and BCAA on muscle recovery and inflammatory response following acute exercise.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Muscle Damage
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Drop Jumps

Detailed Description

Participants, both females and males, will perform an acute bout of exercise. A bout of exercise that will involve multiple drop jumps. Prior to and post exercise, functional outputs will be measured and blood will be collected to quantify the inflammatory response. The protocol will involve attending the laboratory on 6 occasions over a two week period to complete the above measures.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 90
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Merseyside
    • Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom, L3 3AF
      • Liverpool John Moores University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 35 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Health recreationally active males and females.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Asthma sufferers
• People with kidney disease
• People partaking in lower limb strength training
• People suffering DOMS in the past 6 months
• People already taking dietary supplements, other NSAIDs, or for example aspirin, alcohol, warfarin, phenytoin, methotrexate, lithium, diuretics, cyclosporine.
• People with bone or soft tissue injury within last 12 months
• People with gastric problems
• People with hypertension
• People who have had history of heart failure
• People with liver disease
• People with connective tissue disorders
• People with Crohn's disease
• People with ulcerative colitis
• People with peripheral arterial disease
• People with cerebrovascular disease
• Elderly population
• People with allergies to NSAIDs, Omega- 3 fatty acids and BCAAs.
• People with depression
• People with bipolar disorder
• People with diabetes
• Females who are pregnant
• People who have HIV / AIDS

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Control; Control group that was not given a supplement.	Other: Drop Jumps; Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.
Experimental: BCAA; Supplement group that was given Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAA).	Other: Drop Jumps; Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.
Experimental: Leucine; Supplement group that was given Leucine.	Other: Drop Jumps; Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.
Experimental: HMB; Supplement group that was given β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB)	Other: Drop Jumps; Perform 100 drop jumps from 40 cm height. The protocol is divided into 5 sets of 20 repetitions. Between each repetition participants get 10 seconds, and between each set 2 minutes rest. Stand on the box, drop of the box and land with feet shoulder width apart. Then immediately bend knee to approx 45 degrees and jump straight up. Throughout each jump hands are placed on hips and should not move.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Concentration of Creatine Kinase at baseline	Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage.	Baseline
Concentration of Creatine Kinase immediately after intervention.	Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage.	Immediately after intervention.
Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 24 hours after intervention.	Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage.	24 hours after intervention.
Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 48 hours after intervention.	Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage.	48 hours after intervention.
Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 7 days after intervention.	Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage.	7 days after intervention.
Concentration of Creatine Kinase at 14 days after intervention.	Blood taken from either vein or finger will be analysed for creatine kinase, a marker of muscle damage.	14 days after intervention.
Number of Chair Rises at baseline	Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips.	Baseline
Number of Chair Rises immediately after intervention.	Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips.	Immediately after intervention.
Number of Chair Rises at 24 hours after intervention.	Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips.	24 hours after intervention.
Number of Chair Rises at 48 hours after intervention.	Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips.	48 hours after intervention.
Number of Chair Rises at 7 days after intervention.	Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips.	7 days after intervention.
Number of Chair Rises at 14 days after intervention.	Stand and sit on chair consecutively for 30 seconds with hands placed on hips.	14 days after intervention.
Squat Jump height at baseline	Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally.	Baseline
Squat Jump height immediately after intervention.	Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally.	Immediately after intervention.
Squat Jump height at 24 hours after intervention.	Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally.	24 hours after intervention.
Squat Jump height at 48 hours after intervention.	Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally.	48 hours after intervention.
Squat Jump height at 7 days after intervention.	Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally.	7 days after intervention.
Squat Jump height at 14 days after intervention.	Hands placed on hips, feet shoulder width apart. Bend knees to approx 45 degrees hold for 3 seconds and jump maximally.	14 days after intervention.
Range of motion at baseline.	Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position.	Baseline
Range of motion immediately after intervention.	Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position.	Immediately after intervention.
Range of motion at 24 hours after intervention.	Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position.	24 hours after intervention.
Range of motion at 48 hours after intervention.	Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position.	48 hours after intervention.
Range of motion at 7 days after intervention.	Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position.	7 days after intervention.
Range of motion at 14 days after intervention.	Sit on chair, then flex and extend legs three times from 90 degrees position.	14 days after intervention.
Inflammatory cytokines concentration at baseline	Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1.	Baseline
Inflammatory cytokines concentration at 24 hours after intervention.	Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1.	24 hours after intervention.
Inflammatory cytokines concentration at 48 hours after intervention.	Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1.	48 hours after intervention.
Inflammatory cytokines concentration at 7 days after intervention.	Blood from vein will be analysed for 10 different cytokines. Different cytokines include interleukins 1 beta, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17 and tutor necrosis factor receptor 1.	7 days after intervention.
Concentration of Lactate from baseline to immediately after intervention.	Blood drop from finger will be used to lactate.	Baseline and immediately after intervention.
Muscle Soreness	Record soreness on visual analogue scale from 1-10 1 = low soreness, 10 = extreme soreness.	Daily for 14 days.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Weighed food diaries.	Fill out dietary intake on food diary, by weighing food.	Daily for 14 days.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Liverpool John Moores University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Howatson G, Hoad M, Goodall S, Tallent J, Bell PG, French DN. Exercise-induced muscle damage is reduced in resistance-trained males by branched chain amino acids: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012 Jul 12;9:20. doi: 10.1186/1550-2783-9-20. eCollection 2012.
• Kirby TJ, Triplett NT, Haines TL, Skinner JW, Fairbrother KR, McBride JM. Effect of leucine supplementation on indices of muscle damage following drop jumps and resistance exercise. Amino Acids. 2012 May;42(5):1987-96. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-0928-9. Epub 2011 May 12.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 6, 2017
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 25, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): March 25, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 10, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 16, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): December 22, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 6, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 4, 2021
• Last Verified: December 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: 16/SPS/007

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Participant data to be published.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No