Repurposed Approved and Under Development Therapies for Patients With Early-Onset COVID-19 and Mild Symptoms

A Multicenter, Prospective, Adaptive, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Fluvoxamine Plus Budesonide, Fluoxetine Plus Budesonide and Spirulin Platensis, in High Risk Patients With Mild COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has been characterized by high morbidity and mortality, especially in certain subgroups of patients. To date, no treatment has been shown to be effective in patients with early-onset disease and mild symptoms. Experimental studies have demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory role of Fluvoxamine, Fluoxetine, Budesonide and Spirulin Platensis in SARS-CoV-2 infections and observational studies have suggested a reduced complications in patients with COVID-19 disease.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Covid19; SARS-Associated Coronavirus
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Budesonide Powder; Drug: Fluoxetine 20 MG; Drug: Placebo; Dietary supplement: Spirulin Platensis

Detailed Description

In December 2019 a series of viral pneumonia cases were reported in the city of Wuhan, China and a new subtype of coronavirus has been identified as the causative agent of this condition. On February 11, 2000 the disease has been characterized as COVID-19 and on March 11 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a state of worldwide pandemic. On January 25, 2021 there are 98,794,942 cases and 2,124,193 documented deaths (global case-fatality ratio of 2.15%).

To date, no early treatment has been identified as effective in combating this disease which has been identified as with high morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological data suggest that despite development of vaccines we will have hundreds od thousands of cases in the next two years.

Thus, we propose the prospective, double-blinded, randomized evaluation of potential therapies against SARS-CoV2 and some clinical evidence derived from observational studies on reducing complications if used early on the disease, before inflammatory cascade is fully activated.

Important considerations on TOGETHER Adaptive Trial:

1. The Pegylated Lambda interferon arm was ended on early February 2022.
2. The Proposal of a new arm: Spirulin platensis.
3. The Modification on primary endpoints that will be effective only for new arms added to the trial (Spirulin platensis).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 7819
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Gilmar Reis, MD, PhD; Phone Number: +553132416574; Email: administrador@cardresearch.org
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Eduardo Santos, MD, PhD; Phone Number: +553132416574; Email: duduaugusto1@yahoo.com.br

Study Locations

• Brazil
  • MG
    • Betim, MG, Brazil, 32550770
      • Recruiting
      • City of Betim
      • Contact: Daniela C Medeiros, MD,PhD
      • Contact: Tainara S Vieira
    • Contagem, MG, Brazil, 32215000
      • Recruiting
      • Hospital e Maternidade Santa Rita
      • Contact: Thiago S Ferreira, MD
    • Governador Valadares, MG, Brazil, 35010-000
      • Recruiting
      • City of Governador Valadares
      • Contact: Adhemar DF Neto, MD, PhD
      • Contact: Marina L Marques, SC
    • Ibirité, MG, Brazil, 30240528
      • Recruiting
      • City of Ibirité
      • Contact: Aline Milagres, RN
      • Contact: Carla Silva, SC; Email: hsfapesq@cardresearch.org
    • Nova Lima, MG, Brazil, 34000000
      • Recruiting
      • City of Nova Lima
      • Contact: Leticia F Costa, RN
      • Contact: Rosemary M Silva
    • Santa Luzia, MG, Brazil, 33105160
      • Recruiting
      • City of Santa Luzia
      • Contact: Eduardo Augusto SM Silva, MD, PhD
      • Contact: Vitoria HS Campos, SC
    • Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil, 35700-000
      • Recruiting
      • City of Sete Lagoas
      • Contact: Vinicius A Correa, MD
      • Contact: Castilho Vitor Quirino, SC; Email: vitor-quirino@hotmail.com
  • Minas Gerais
    • Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 30150240
      • Recruiting
      • CARDRESEARCH - Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa
      • Contact: Izabel Silva, SC; Phone Number: 553132416574; Email: coordpesq@cardresearch.org
      • Principal Investigator: Gilmar Reis, MD,PhD
    • Brumadinho, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 35.460-000
      • Not yet recruiting
      • City of Brumadinho
      • Contact: Eduardo D Calegari, MD
      • Principal Investigator: Eduardo Calegari, MD
    • Igarapé, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 32900-000
      • Recruiting
      • City of Igarapé
      • Contact: Luciene B Ribeiro, RN; Phone Number: +55313657574
    • Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 39.408-007
      • Recruiting
      • Centro Universitário FIPMOC
      • Contact: Ana Maria, MD
      • Principal Investigator: Ana Maria R Nogueira, MD
      • Sub-Investigator: Ana Paula FG Alvarenga, MD
    • Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 35400000
      • Recruiting
      • Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
      • Contact: Leonardo CM Savassi, MD, PhD; Email: leosavassi@gmail.com
      • Principal Investigator: Leonardo Savassi, MD, PhD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

A - Inclusion Criteria (except fluoxetine + budesonide and paracetamol arms):

1. Patients over 18 years old with the ability to provide free and informed consent
2. Acute Flu-Like symptoms < 07 days.

3. Patients with at least ONE enhancement criteria:

   1. The. Age > 50 years old (does not need any of the other criteria)
   2. Diabetes mellitus requiring oral medication or insulin
   3. Systemic arterial hypertension requiring at least 01 oral medication for treatment
   4. Known cardiovascular diseases (heart failure, congenital heart disease, valvular disease, coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies under treatment, clinically manifest heart diseases with clinical repercussions)
   5. Symptomatic and/or treated lung disease (emphysema, fibrosing diseases)
   6. Patients with symptomatic asthma requiring chronic use of agents to control symptoms.
   7. Obesity, defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2 in weight and height information provided by the patient;
   8. Transplant patients
   9. Patient with stage IV chronic kidney disease or on dialysis.
   10. Patient with temperature measured at screening > 38º C.
   11. Patients with at least one of the following symptoms: Cough, Dyspnea, Ventilator-dependent chest pain or myalgias with limitation of daily activities (Criterion limited to 25% of randomizations)
   12. Immunosuppressed patients/using corticosteroid therapy (equivalent to a maximum of 10 mg of prednisone per day) and/or immunosuppressive therapy)
   13. Patients with a history of cancer in the last 5 years or currently undergoing oncological treatment
4. Patient with positive rapid test for SARS-CoV2 antigen performed on occasion of the screening or patient with a positive SARS-CoV2 diagnostic test within 07 days of the onset of symptoms.
5. Willingness to use the proposed investigative treatment and follow the protocol-related procedures foreseen in the research.
6. Signing the Free and Informed Consent Form before any research procedures

B - Inclusion criteria for the Fluoxetine + Budesonide combination arm (07 days of treatment - partnership with the "ANTICOV Consortium"):

1. Patients over 18 years of age with the ability to provide free and informed consent.
2. Patients treated at a Basic Health Unit of the Unified Health System (SUS) or patients treated at emergency care units of the SUS or supplementary medicine with an acute clinical condition compatible with COVID 19.

3. Patients over 18 years of age and a history of at least ONE of the following criteria.

   1. Diabetes mellitus, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular diseases or patients considered to be underweight or overweight according to the investigator's judgment (BMI ≤ 16 or BMI > 25).

      OR

   2. Individuals aged ≥ 60 years without co-morbidities.

      4) COVID-19 confirmed by molecular or antigenic test for SARS-CoV-2 within up to 24 hours prior to screening and a maximum of 2 days after sample collection.

      5) Viral syndrome with or without pneumonia and arterial O2 saturation > 94%.

      6) Signing the Free and Informed Consent Form before any research procedures.

      7) Willingness to use the proposed investigational treatment and follow the procedures provided for in the research.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Negative diagnostic test for SARS-CoV2 associated with acute flu-like symptoms (patients with a negative test taken early and becoming positive a few days later are eligible, as long as they are < 07 days from the onset of flu-like symptoms);
2. Patients with an acute respiratory condition compatible with COVID-19 treated in the primary care network and with a decision to be hospitalized;
3. Patients with acute respiratory symptoms due to other causes;
4. Dyspnea secondary to other acute and chronic respiratory causes or infections (e.g. decompensated COPD, Acute bronchitis, Pneumonia other than viral, Primary pulmonary arterial hypertension);
5. Patients requiring hospitalization due to COVID-19 or SpO2 ≤ 93%.

6. Exclusion criteria applicable to the 7-day treatment arms:

   1. Abnormal findings on physical examination: Respiratory rate ≥ 25 irm; blood pressure < 90/ 60 mmHg or > 160/ 100 mmHg; Weight < 45 kg; recent episodes of vomiting in the last 24 hours or diarrhea > 3 episodes in the last 24 hours or serum potassium below 3.5 mEq/L.
   2. Serious injury to any organ that requires resuscitation and continuous treatment.
   3. Use of chronic systemic corticosteroid therapy with prednisone equivalent doses of > 40 mg/day
   4. Ongoing immunosuppressive treatment
   5. History of known pulmonary arterial hypertension or pulmonary fibrosis
   6. Patients previously vaccinated with two doses for SARS-CoV-2, with the last dose administered less than 180 days after screening; Patients with a single dose of Janssen SARS-CoV-2 vaccine received (except Janssen vaccine) and unvaccinated patients can participate regardless of the period.
   7. Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors (all)
   8. Patients vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 (complete vaccination - 02 doses) within 06 months of the last dose before randomization or patients who received a "booster" dose at any time before randomization.
   9. For any new antiviral included in the study, prior treatment with the antiviral, presence of contraindication to its use or concomitant intake of medication prohibited for its use.
   10. Enrolled in other clinical trials with unregistered medicines or with a registered medicine that may interact with any of the study PIs or contraindicated as concomitant treatment in the last 3 months before screening.

7. Exclusion criteria applicable to the 10-day treatment arm:

   A. Chronic use of serotonin reuptake inhibitors other than sertraline B. Chronic use of corticosteroid therapy with prednisone equivalent doses of > 40 mg/day

8. Exclusion criteria applicable to the 14-day treatment arm: Patients with phenylketonuria;
9. Continued use of monoamine oxidation inhibitors (MAOIs): Phenelzine, Tranylcypromine, Selegiline, Isocarboxazid, moclobemide;
10. Patients with severe psychiatric disorders - schizophrenia, uncontrolled bipolar disorders, major depression with suicidal ideation.
11. Pregnant or breastfeeding patients;
12. History of severe ventricular cardiac arrhythmia (Ventricular Tachycardia, recovered ventricular fibrillation patients) or Long QT Syndrome;
13. Known history of decompensated heart failure (NYHA III or IV), recent myocardial infarction (event < 90 days from screening), unstable angina, recent coronary bypass surgery (procedure < 90 days from screening), recent stroke ( event < 90 days from screening), symptomatic carotid disease, or mitral or aortic stenosis of moderate to severe intensity;
14. Surgical procedure or hospitalization planned (for other indications) to occur during treatment or up to 5 days after the last dose of study medication;
15. Current daily and/or uncontrolled alcohol consumption, which in the investigator's view could compromise participation in the study;
16. History of seizures in the last month or uncontrolled seizures;
17. Clinical history of moderate to severe hepatic impairment or liver cirrhosis with Child-Pugh classification C;
18. Patients with known severe degenerative neurological diseases and/or serious mental illnesses as assessed by the investigator;
19. Inability of the patient or representative to give consent or adhere to the procedures proposed in the protocol;
20. Any clinical conditions, including psychiatric conditions, which in the investigator's view could be an impediment to the use of research medications;
21. Known hypersensitivity and/or intolerance to Spirulin Platensis, Budesonide, Fluvoxamine and Fluoxetine;
22. Use of medications which have a known interaction with Spirulin platensis, Budesonide, Fluvoxamine and Fluoxetine;
23. Inability to use the medications and formulations provided for in this research;

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Fluvoxamine Maleate + Budesonide Inhalation powder; Fluvoxamine 100 mg oral tablets: One tablet after randomization (Day 0) followed by 100 mg BID for the following 09 days PLUS Budesonide Inhalation powder 400 mcg capsule: One 400 mcg capsule (inhalation) after randomization (Day 0) followed by one puff of 400 mcg BID for the following 09 days	Drug: Budesonide Powder; One Fluvoxamine tablet every 12 hours since randomization through day 09. PLUS 01 Budesonide powder (inhalation) every 12 hours since randomization through day 09.; Other Names: Fluvoxamine Maleate 100 MG [Luvox]; Drug: Placebo; Placebo oral tablets (10-day schedule): Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule) PLUS Placebo Inhalation Therapy: One dosing (inhalation puff) right after randomization (Day 0) followed by one puff BID for the following 09 days OR Paracetamol (07-day schedule - active comparator): Paracetamol 500 mg tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet BID starting at Rand. Day (Day 0) until end of Day 06 (total of 07 days schedule - ANTICOV Arm) OR Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 02 tablets every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule)
Active Comparator: Spirulin Platensis; Spirulin Platensis 500mg oral tablets Two tablets right after randomization (day 0) followed by 1.000mg (two tablets) BID for the following 10 days.	Drug: Placebo; Placebo oral tablets (10-day schedule): Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule) PLUS Placebo Inhalation Therapy: One dosing (inhalation puff) right after randomization (Day 0) followed by one puff BID for the following 09 days OR Paracetamol (07-day schedule - active comparator): Paracetamol 500 mg tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet BID starting at Rand. Day (Day 0) until end of Day 06 (total of 07 days schedule - ANTICOV Arm) OR Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 02 tablets every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule); Dietary supplement: Spirulin Platensis; Two tablets every 12 hours since randomization through day 09 following randomization
Active Comparator: Fluoxetine + Budesonide Inhalation powder; Fluoxetine 20 mg oral tablets: Two tablets right after randomization (Day 0) followed by 40 mg MID for the following 06 days PLUS Budesonide Inhalation powder 400 mcg capsule: One 400 mcg capsule (inhalation) right after randomization (Day 0) followed by one puff of 400 mcg BID for the following 06 days	Drug: Fluoxetine 20 MG; Two Fluoxetine tablets every day starting just after randomization through day 07. PLUS 01 Budesonide powder (inhalation) every 12 hours since randomization through day 07.; Other Names: Budesonide powder; Drug: Placebo; Placebo oral tablets (10-day schedule): Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule) PLUS Placebo Inhalation Therapy: One dosing (inhalation puff) right after randomization (Day 0) followed by one puff BID for the following 09 days OR Paracetamol (07-day schedule - active comparator): Paracetamol 500 mg tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet BID starting at Rand. Day (Day 0) until end of Day 06 (total of 07 days schedule - ANTICOV Arm) OR Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 02 tablets every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule)
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Placebo oral tablets (10-day schedule): Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule) PLUS Placebo Inhalation Therapy: One dosing (inhalation puff) right after randomization (Day 0) followed by one puff BID for the following 09 days OR Paracetamol (07-day schedule - active comparator): Paracetamol 500 mg tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 01 tablet BID starting at Rand. Day (Day 0) until end of Day 06 (total of 07 days schedule - ANTICOV Arm) OR Matching tablets started after randomization using the dosing regimen of 02 tablets every 12 hs starting at Randomization Day (Day 0) until end of Day 09 (total of 10 day schedule)	Drug: Budesonide Powder; One Fluvoxamine tablet every 12 hours since randomization through day 09. PLUS 01 Budesonide powder (inhalation) every 12 hours since randomization through day 09.; Other Names: Fluvoxamine Maleate 100 MG [Luvox]; Drug: Fluoxetine 20 MG; Two Fluoxetine tablets every day starting just after randomization through day 07. PLUS 01 Budesonide powder (inhalation) every 12 hours since randomization through day 07.; Other Names: Budesonide powder; Dietary supplement: Spirulin Platensis; Two tablets every 12 hours since randomization through day 09 following randomization

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of fluvoxamine + budesonide, fluoxetine + budesonide, Spirulin platensis in emergency care visits due to the worsening of COVID-19;	Evaluation of emergency visits due to progression of COVID-19 symptoms and/or ocmplications	28 days
Rate of fluvoxamine + budesonide, fluoxetine + budesonide, Spirulin platensis in changing the need for Hospitalization due to COVID-19 progression and related complications, including lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)	Hospitalization due to COVID-19 progression and related complications	28 days
Rate of fluvoxamine + budesonide, fluoxetine + budesonide, Spirulin platensis in changing SPO2 ≤ 93% after randomization	Reduction of SPO2 ≤ 93% after randomization	28 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Time to clinical failure, defined as time to need for hospitalization due to the clinical progression of COVID-19 or associated complications.	Time to hospitalization	Randomization through day 28
Number of days with respiratory symptoms since randomization	Days with symptoms	Randomization through day 28
Rate of all-cause hospitalizations	All cause hospitalizations	Randomization through day 28
Rate of COVID-19 related hospitalizations	COVID-19 hospitalizations	Randomization through day 28
Number of days on Mechanical Ventilator	Number of days on mechanical Ventilator	Randomization through day 28
Number of Days on Intensive Care Unit	Number of days on Intensive Care Unit	Randomization through day 28
Number of days on hospitalizations	Number of days on Hospitalization	Randomization through day 28
Health and Functioning after COVID-19 disease	Self evaluation of health functioning post COVID using Promis Global Health Score. Short term scale is a 10 item patient-reported questionnaire using response options as a 5-point and one 11 point rating scale. Higher scores means better global health.	Day 14 and Day 28
Time to clinical changes (up to 28 days of randomization), defined as greater than 50% symptoms changing in reference to baseline symptoms.	time to > 50% clinical symptoms changes as reported on baseline visit (self reported)	Randomization through day 28
Numbers of days with respiratory symptoms on WURSS-21 scale after randomization	Numbers of days with respiratory symptoms on WURSS-21 scale after randomization	Randomization through day 28
Time to symptom resolution	Time to improvement > 50% of baseline symptomatology based on WURSS-21 Scale.	randomization through day 28
Adherence of Study drug	Percentage of adherence on Study drug	Randomization through day 10

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Cardresearch
• Collaborators: McMaster University; Eiger BioPharmaceuticals; Cytel Inc.; Fastgrants; RainWater Foundation
• Investigators: Study Chair: Gilmar Reis, MD,PhD., CARDRESEARCH - Cardiologia Assistencial e de Pesquisa; Study Director: Edward J Mills, FRCP, McMaster University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Rayner CR, Dron L, Park JJH, Decloedt EH, Cotton MF, Niranjan V, Smith PF, Dodds MG, Brown F, Reis G, Wesche D, Mills EJ. Accelerating Clinical Evaluation of Repurposed Combination Therapies for COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020 Oct;103(4):1364-1366. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0995.
• Park JJH, Mogg R, Smith GE, Nakimuli-Mpungu E, Jehan F, Rayner CR, Condo J, Decloedt EH, Nachega JB, Reis G, Mills EJ. How COVID-19 has fundamentally changed clinical research in global health. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 May;9(5):e711-e720. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30542-8.
• Forrest JI, Rawat A, Duailibe F, Guo CM, Sprague S, McKay P, Reis G, Mills EJ. Resilient Clinical Trial Infrastructure in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned from the TOGETHER Randomized Platform Clinical Trial. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2022 Jan 7;106(2):389-393. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1202.
• Reis G, Mills E. Fluvoxamine for the treatment of COVID-19 - Author's reply. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Mar;10(3):e333. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00588-X. No abstract available.
• Thorlund K, Sheldrick K, Mills E. Molnupiravir for Covid-19 in Nonhospitalized Patients. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 31;386(13):e32. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2201612. Epub 2022 Mar 16. No abstract available.
• Park JJH, Detry MA, Murthy S, Guyatt G, Mills EJ. How to Use and Interpret the Results of a Platform Trial: Users' Guide to the Medical Literature. JAMA. 2022 Jan 4;327(1):67-74. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.22507.
• Jhuti D, Rawat A, Guo CM, Wilson LA, Mills EJ, Forrest JI. Interferon Treatments for SARS-CoV-2: Challenges and Opportunities. Infect Dis Ther. 2022 Jun;11(3):953-972. doi: 10.1007/s40121-022-00633-9. Epub 2022 Apr 21.
• Park JJH, Dron L, Mills EJ. Moving forward in clinical research with master protocols. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Jul;106:106438. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106438. Epub 2021 May 14.
• Park JJH, Ford N, Xavier D, Ashorn P, Grais RF, Bhutta ZA, Goossens H, Thorlund K, Socias ME, Mills EJ. Randomised trials at the level of the individual. Lancet Glob Health. 2021 May;9(5):e691-e700. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30540-4.
• Lee Z, Rayner CR, Forrest JI, Nachega JB, Senchaudhuri E, Mills EJ. The Rise and Fall of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021 Jan;104(1):35-38. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1320.
• Dron L, Dillman A, Zoratti MJ, Haggstrom J, Mills EJ, Park JJH. Clinical Trial Data Sharing for COVID-19-Related Research. J Med Internet Res. 2021 Mar 12;23(3):e26718. doi: 10.2196/26718.
• Dillman A, Park JJH, Zoratti MJ, Zannat NE, Lee Z, Dron L, Hsu G, Smith G, Khakabimamaghani S, Harari O, Thorlund K, Mills EJ. Reporting and design of randomized controlled trials for COVID-19: A systematic review. Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Feb;101:106239. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106239. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
• Reis G, Dos Santos Moreira-Silva EA, Silva DCM, Thabane L, Milagres AC, Ferreira TS, Dos Santos CVQ, de Souza Campos VH, Nogueira AMR, de Almeida APFG, Callegari ED, de Figueiredo Neto AD, Savassi LCM, Simplicio MIC, Ribeiro LB, Oliveira R, Harari O, Forrest JI, Ruton H, Sprague S, McKay P, Glushchenko AV, Rayner CR, Lenze EJ, Reiersen AM, Guyatt GH, Mills EJ; TOGETHER investigators. Effect of early treatment with fluvoxamine on risk of emergency care and hospitalisation among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomised, platform clinical trial. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Jan;10(1):e42-e51. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00448-4. Epub 2021 Oct 28. Erratum In: Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Apr;10(4):e481. Lancet Glob Health. 2022 Sep;10(9):e1246.
• Reis G, Dos Santos Moreira Silva EA, Medeiros Silva DC, Thabane L, Cruz Milagres A, Ferreira TS, Quirino Dos Santos CV, de Figueiredo Neto AD, Diniz Callegari E, Monteiro Savassi LC, Campos Simplicio MI, Barra Ribeiro L, Oliveira R, Harari O, Bailey H, Forrest JI, Glushchenko A, Sprague S, McKay P, Rayner CR, Ruton H, Guyatt GH, Mills EJ. Effect of early treatment with metformin on risk of emergency care and hospitalization among patients with COVID-19: The TOGETHER randomized platform clinical trial. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022 Feb;6:100142. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2021.100142. Epub 2021 Dec 14.
• Reis G, Silva EASM, Silva DCM, Thabane L, Milagres AC, Ferreira TS, Dos Santos CVQ, Campos VHS, Nogueira AMR, de Almeida APFG, Callegari ED, Neto ADF, Savassi LCM, Simplicio MIC, Ribeiro LB, Oliveira R, Harari O, Forrest JI, Ruton H, Sprague S, McKay P, Guo CM, Rowland-Yeo K, Guyatt GH, Boulware DR, Rayner CR, Mills EJ; TOGETHER Investigators. Effect of Early Treatment with Ivermectin among Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2022 May 5;386(18):1721-1731. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2115869. Epub 2022 Mar 30.
• Reis G, Moreira Silva EAS, Medeiros Silva DC, Thabane L, Campos VHS, Ferreira TS, Santos CVQ, Nogueira AMR, Almeida APFG, Savassi LCM, Figueiredo-Neto AD, Dias ACF, Freire Junior AM, Bitaraes C, Milagres AC, Callegari ED, Simplicio MIC, Ribeiro LB, Oliveira R, Harari O, Wilson LA, Forrest JI, Ruton H, Sprague S, McKay P, Guo CM, Limbrick-Oldfield EH, Kanters S, Guyatt GH, Rayner CR, Kandel C, Biondi MJ, Kozak R, Hansen B, Zahoor MA, Arora P, Hislop C, Choong I, Feld JJ, Mills EJ, Glenn JS; TOGETHER Investigators. Early Treatment with Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2023 Feb 9;388(6):518-528. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2209760.
• Reis G, Mills EJ, Glenn JS. Pegylated Interferon Lambda for Covid-19. Reply. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jun 1;388(22):2108. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2303519. No abstract available.
• Reis G, Mills EJ. Ivermectin Treatment for Covid-19. Reply. N Engl J Med. 2022 Dec 15;387(24):e66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2207995. No abstract available.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 19, 2021
• Primary Completion (Estimated): June 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): July 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 25, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): January 27, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 8, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 6, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: COVID-19; Fluoxetine; Randomized study; Fluvoxamine; Budesonide; Spirulin Platensis
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviridae Infections; Nidovirales Infections; RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Pneumonia, Viral; Pneumonia; Lung Diseases; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; COVID-19; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Central Nervous System Depressants; Autonomic Agents; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Glucocorticoids; Hormones; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Tranquilizing Agents; Psychotropic Drugs; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Membrane Transport Modulators; Serotonin Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; Bronchodilator Agents; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Respiratory System Agents; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Budesonide; Fluoxetine; Fluvoxamine
• Other Study ID Numbers: TOGETHER_2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: Patient tables and main data.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: As of protocol termination
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Upon request
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: SAP

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No