Effect of Plyometric Exercises in Premenopausal Women

The Effect of Plyometric Exercises on Muscle Strength in Premenopausal Women

It was aimed to examine the effects of plyometric exercises on muscle strength in this study. 26 premenopausal women assigned to one of the three groups: Control Group (n=8), Plyometric Exercise Group (n=10) and Isokinetic Exercise Group (n=8). Muscle strength assessments, depression and anxiety inventories were performed baseline and after 6 weeks.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Premenopausal Women
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Exercise

Detailed Description

Depending on various factors, bone mass begins to decrease with aging and this may lead to the osteoporosis. Physical activity and regular exercise provides an increase in bone mineral density (BMD). It is mentioned that there are relationships between muscle strength and BMD and also muscle strength has positive effects on BMD. In the literature it is showed that postmenopausal women with weaker trunk muscle strength could have risk of osteoporosis.

Plyometric exercises are used to increase muscle strength. Physiological basis of plyometric exercise consist of stretch-shortening cycle and thus it is effective in increasing the force. At the same time, plyometric exercises have positive effects on BMD because of weight bearing exercises.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of plyometric exercises on hip and trunk muscle strength in premenopausal women.

Participants and Study Design: Twenty six sedentary premenopausal women aged 35-50 years participated this study. Participants were assigned into three groups: Plyometric Exercise Group (PG; n=10), Isokinetic Exercise Group (IG; n=8), Control Group (CG; n=8). Participants were informed about the procedures of the study and signed a written voluntary consent form in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Istanbul University Medical Faculty. Measurements and training sessions were performed in the Istanbul University Medical Faculty Sport Medicine Department's Laboratory.

Measurements: Muscle strength was determined by using a Cybex Norm isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex Humac Norm, USA). Range of motion was set from 10 degree extension to 40 degree flexion. Isokinetic concentric contraction strength was measured at angular velocity of 60 degree per second and 90 degree per second. Subjects performed 3 trials trunk flexion and extension contractions at minimal exertion and 4 test repetitions at maximal trunk flexion and extension.

The hip abduction adduction isokinetic testing was performed in side lying position. Hip muscle strength was measured at angular velocity of 30 degree per second. Range of motion was set from 10 degree adduction to 40 degree abduction. Subjects performed 4 trials at minimal exertion and 4 test repetitions. Dominant leg values were analyzed for hip. All subjects performed warm-up and stretching exercises before testing.

Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to asses depression and anxiety conditions.

Interventions: The training sessions were performed three days a week for six weeks. All exercise sessions were supervised by a physiotherapist.

Each session was consisted of warm-up, plyometric exercises and cool-down periods in PG. The warm-up and cool-down periods were performed by walking on the treadmill and lower extremity stretching exercises. The plyometric exercise training period involved vertical jumping, forward and back jumping and lateral jumping. After fifth session the number of repetitions were increased depending of toleration of participants. After tenth session step bench jumping exercise and after fifteenth session diagonal jumping exercise were added and study was completed in eighteen session.

In IG, isokinetic exercises were performed by using a Cybex Norm isokinetic dynamometer with an incorporated trunk flexion/extension unit in a standing position. Range of motion was set from 10 degree extension to 40 degree flexion. Each session was consisted warm-up, isokinetic exercises and cool-down periods. Warm-up and cool-down periods were consisted trunk exercise and stretching. Isokinetic exercises were performed 7 repetitions at angular velocity of 90 degree per second , 6 repetitions at angular velocity of 75 degree per second and 5 repetitions at angular velocity of 60 degree per second.

Participants in CG were assessed baseline and at sixth week.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 26
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 35 years to 50 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Premenopausal women aged 35-50 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• to have cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and neurologic disease
• have been involved in exercise studies within the last 6 months
• to being receive hormone replacement therapy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: OTHER
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
EXPERIMENTAL: Plyometric Exercise Group; Plyometric exercise training 3 days a week for 6 weeks	Other: Exercise
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Isokinetic Exercise Group; Isokinetic exercise training 3 days a week for 6 weeks	Other: Exercise
NO_INTERVENTION: Control Group; no exercise intervention

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Isokinetic testing trunk flexion-extension	changes trunk flexion and extension muscle strength from baseline at 6 weeks	Six weeks
Isokinetic testing hip abduction-adduction	changes hip abduction and adduction muscle strength from baseline at 6 weeks	Six weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Beck Depression Inventory	changes inventory scores from baseline at 6 weeks	Six weeks
State Trait Anxiety Inventory	changes inventory scores from baseline at 6 weeks	Six weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Bezmialem Vakif University
• Collaborators: Istanbul University
• Investigators: Study Director: Safinaz Yildiz, Istanbul University; Study Chair: Turker Sahinkaya, Istanbul University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): January 1, 2006
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): February 1, 2007
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): May 1, 2007

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 17, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 18, 2021
• First Posted (ACTUAL): March 22, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): March 22, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 18, 2021
• Last Verified: March 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Plyometric exercise; Muscle strength; Isokinetic; Premenopause
• Other Study ID Numbers: Kubra2

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No