Effect of Beans Compared to Beef on Satiety in Older Adults

The Effect of Beans Compared to Beef on Satiety and Food Intake in Older Adults

This human clinical trial is using a randomized crossover design to examine the effect of two varieties of beans compared to beef on satiety and food intake in older adults.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Older Adults
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Canned black beans, drained and rinsed; Other: Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed; Other: Extra-lean ground beef

Detailed Description

This human clinical trial is using a randomized crossover design that includes 3 study visits separated by washout periods of at least 1 week. Each study visit will last approximately 4 hours and will occur at the Human Nutraceutical Research Unit (HNRU) at the University of Guelph. Study visits will occur in the morning and begin with measurement of fasting body weight. Participants will then complete a baseline satiety questionnaire before they consume a breakfast test meal (that includes either red kidney beans, black beans or extra-lean ground beef). After the breakfast meal, participants will complete a palatability questionnaire. They will also complete more satiety questionnaires at 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 150 and 180 minutes. After 180 minutes, participants will be consume an ad libitum pizza lunch meal until they are comfortably full. Participants will then be sent home with a food scale and instructions to record everything they eat and drink for the remainder of the day.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 35
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1
      • Human Nutraceutical Research Unit

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 60 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy males and females
• ≥60 years old
• BMI between 18.5-30 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Medication use that is not at a stable dose (at least 3 months)
• Natural health product use that is not at a stable dose (at least 3 months)
• Antibiotic use in the past 3 months
• Overnight shift work
• Alcohol consumption >14 drinks/week or >4 drinks/sitting
• Anaphylactic food allergy
• Pulse (beans, lentils, chickpeas, dried peas) consumption >4 servings per week
• Recent or intended significant weight loss or weight gain (>4 kg in previous 3 months)
• Breakfast skipping ≥4 days per week
• Vegan diet
• Dislike or unable to consume beans, ground beef, shredded cheddar cheese, white tortilla wraps or frozen cheese pizza
• Three Factor Eating Questionnaire scale scores >11 for Cognitive Restraint, >9 for Disinhibition, and >8 for Hunger
• Diagnosed hypertension (blood pressure >140/90mmHg) that is not managed
• Diagnosed digestive-related condition (i.e. Celiac Disease, constipation, gastritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, gluten intolerance, hemorrhoids, inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's, Ulcerative Colitis), irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance)
• Diagnosed cognitive-related condition (i.e. Alzheimer's Disease, amnesia, dementia, generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder, Parkinson's Disease, schizophrenia, traumatic brain injury)
• Medical condition that does not have stable management for at least 3 months
• Medical or surgical event requiring hospitalization in the past 3 months
• Tobacco use
• Cannabis use
• Vape use

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Black beans; Canned black beans, drained and rinsed	Other: Canned black beans, drained and rinsed; Canned black beans, drained and rinsed and consumed in a tortilla wrap
Experimental: Red kidney beans; Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed	Other: Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed; Canned red kidney beans, drained and rinsed, drained and rinsed and consumed in a tortilla wrap
Experimental: Extra-lean ground beef; Extra-lean ground beef, pan-fried	Other: Extra-lean ground beef; Extra-lean ground beef, pan-fried and consumed in a tortilla wrap

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Subjective appetite sensations	Fullness, satisfaction, hunger, desire to eat, prospective food consumption (measured by a visual analogue scale in mm)	Area under the 180 minute curve

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Food intake at an ad libitum pizza meal	Food intake will be measured in grams at an ad libitum cheese pizza lunch meal	180 minutes after consumption of study treatment (in a breakfast meal)
24-hour energy intake	Energy intake measured as kcal for 24 hours after consumption of study treatment (in a breakfast meal) using a weighed food record	24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Guelph
• Collaborators: Ontario Bean Growers

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 18, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 22, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): November 22, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 13, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 11, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): August 12, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 10, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 9, 2024
• Last Verified: May 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: older adults; appetite; energy intake; satiety; food intake; beef; beans
• Other Study ID Numbers: REB-22-03-028

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No