Comparison of Breast Cancer Screening With CESM to DBT in Women With Dense Breasts (CMIST)

February 17, 2026 updated by: American College of Radiology

Comparison of Breast Cancer Screening With Dual-Energy Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography to Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in Women With Dense Breasts (Contrast Mammography Imaging Screening Trial

The over-arching goal of the Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography Imaging Screening Trial (CMIST) is to determine if dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) can detect more cancers with fewer false positives than digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in women with dense breasts.

Aim 1: To evaluate the performance of CESM compared to DBT at baseline for breast-cancer screening in women with dense breasts.

Aim 2: To evaluate the performance of CESM compared to DBT at the 1-year follow up for breast-cancer screening in women with dense breasts.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

The Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography Imaging Screening Trial (CMIST), which will be managed by the American College of Radiology (ACR), Center for Research and Innovation (CRI), seeks to determine if dual-energy contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) screening provides more accurate cancer detection compared to digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in women with dense breasts.

Year 0 Visit:

All women aged 45 to 74 years of age known mammographically dense breasts, as reported on their most recent prior mammogram who are scheduled for a routine annual screening DBT will be offered CESM in addition to DBT. Baseline imaging (Year 0) will be performed within 30 days after participant registration. Standard DBT screening views followed by standard CESM screening views will be performed on the same day and prior to any additional workup.

Year 1 Visit (12 Months ±2 Months After Year 0 Imaging):

Standard DBT screening views followed by standard CESM screening views will be performed on the same day and prior to any additional workup.

Year 2 Visit: Follow-Up - Return for Standard Mammography Screening (12 Months ±2 Months After Year 1 Imaging):

The 2-year participant follow-up contact (email, text, or phone calls) should be performed 12 months (±2 months) after the Year 1 imaging to confirm the participant has not been diagnosed with an interval breast cancer. If 2-year imaging has not been scheduled, the 2-year participant follow-up contact should be performed prior to 14 months post year 1 visit. Participants diagnosed with breast cancer in the interval between the Year 1 and Year 2 imaging studies will have no subsequent follow-up and will not undergo the Year 2 study imaging in the scope of the study. The participant will be asked for AEs/SAEs with a non-leading question.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

2032

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

  • Name: Etta Pisano, MD

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Canada
  • United States
    • Alabama
      • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35233
        • Recruiting
        • University of Alabama, Birmingham
        • Contact:
    • Florida
      • Boca Raton, Florida, United States, 33486
        • Recruiting
        • Boca Raton Regional Hospital - Christine E. Lynn Women's Health and Wellness Institute
        • Contact:
      • The Villages, Florida, United States, 32159
        • Active, not recruiting
        • Lake Medical Imaging
    • Massachusetts
      • Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts, United States, 02481
        • Recruiting
        • Boston Breast Diagnostic Center
        • Contact:
          • Jordana Phillips, MD
    • Michigan
      • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202
    • New York
      • New York, New York, United States, 10065
        • Recruiting
        • Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
        • Contact:
    • North Carolina
      • Greenville, North Carolina, United States, 27834
    • Pennsylvania
      • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
    • Texas
      • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
        • Recruiting
        • The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
        • Contact:
    • Virginia
      • Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22911
        • Recruiting
        • University of Virginia
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

45 years to 74 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Study Population

Participants must be women aged 45 to 74 years who are scheduled for routine breast screening with DBT. The women must have mammographically dense breasts, ACR Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®) lexicon categories c or d (heterogeneous or extreme fibroglandular tissue), on their most recent prior screening mammogram. Women must be asymptomatic for breast disease.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 1. Women must have mammographically dense breasts, ACR BI-RADS® lexicon categories c or d (heterogeneous or extreme fibroglandular tissue) on their most recent prior screening.
  • 2. Women agree to not undergo whole breast screening ultrasound for the duration of the trial until the year 2 standard of care imaging.
  • 3. Women must not have symptoms or signs of benign or malignant breast disease (e.g., bloody, or clear nipple discharge, breast lump, focal breast pain).
  • 4. Women must be able to undergo intravenous (IV) administration of iodinated contrast (e.g., no contraindication to intravenous contrast administration for Omnipaque [iohexol], and no known allergy-like reaction to iodine or moderate or severe allergic reactions to one or more allergens as defined by the American College of Radiology [ACR]: https://www.acr.org/-/media/ACR/files/clinical-resources/contrast_media.pdf).
  • 5. Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding. All females of childbearing potential who are uncertain if they could be pregnant or may be pregnant or as per local site standard of practice in women undergoing DBT and CESM must have a negative blood test or urine pregnancy test prior to Omnipaque (iohexol) administration. A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation, sexual identity or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months).
  • 6. Women of childbearing potential must be strongly advised to use an accepted and effective method of contraception or to abstain from sexual intercourse for the following year until the Year 1 DBT and CESM studies are performed.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • 1. Women currently undergoing treatment for breast cancer, or planning surgery for a high-risk lesion (ADH, ALH, LCIS, papilloma, radial scar).

  • 2. Women who have had the following are not eligible:

    1. a mammogram less than 11 months prior to study entry.
    2. screening breast ultrasound within 11 months prior to study entry.
    3. breast MRI less than 36 months prior to study entry.
    4. contrast-enhanced spectral mammography less than 36 months prior to study entry.
    5. molecular breast imaging (MBI) less than 36 months prior to study entry.
    6. breast prosthetic implants (silicone or saline).
    7. suspected of being at high-risk for breast cancer, as defined by the ACS breast MR screening recommendations (lifetime risk of ≥20%-25%) unless they are unable to undergo an MRI. (Reference Appendix I)
    8. a history of sickle cell disease.
  • 3. Women with known or suspected renal impairment. Requirements for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) determination prior to IV iodinated contrast administration are determined by local site standard practice. Criteria that should be considered include, but are not limited to, the following:
  • Age >60 years old
  • History of renal disease, including dialysis, kidney transplant, single kidney, renal cancer, and renal surgery
  • History of hypertension requiring medical therapy
  • History of diabetes mellitus
  • Use of metformin or metformin-containing drug combinations
  • 4. Women who are pregnant, breast feeding, or planning to become pregnant from screening until 30 days after the last administration of Omnipaque (iohexol).
  • 5. Large breasted women that require multiple images per standard view of the breast (Tiling) as determined by their most recent mammogram.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Other: DBT and CESM Diagnostic Imaging in Women with Dense Breasts
Interventional Diagnostic
Diagnostic test: Dual-Energy Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM)
In addition to their standard, digital breast tomosynthesis mammogram (DBT) performed at their regular screening visits, all participants will also receive a contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM). These same diagnostic tests, both the DBT and CESM, with be repeated at 1 year post study entry for all participants. At year 2 post study entry, all participants will return to their usual breast screening exams and no longer received a CESM.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Cancer Detection Rate
Time Frame: Year 0
The cancer detection rate (CDR) at the participant level at Year 0. This measure will be evaluated for CESM and DBT
Year 0
Recall Rate
Time Frame: 1 Year
The recall rate for participants at Year 1, which will be estimated for each imaging modality separately.
1 Year

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

American College of Radiology

Collaborators

GE Healthcare
Breast Cancer Research Foundation

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 24, 2023

Primary Completion (Estimated)

July 31, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

July 31, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

November 15, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

November 15, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

November 23, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

February 19, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 17, 2026

Last Verified

February 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • ACR A4707

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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