- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT06045078
Aromatherapy in Total Knee Replacement
Aromatherapy for Post-operative Anxiety and Pain After Primary Unilateral Total Knee Replacement: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled trial is to investigate the effects of aromatherapy on postoperative anxiety and pain in total knee replacement patients. The main questions to answer are:
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce post operative anxiety in patients after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce post operative pain in patient after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce postoperative opioid consumption after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Participants will be assigned to one of the following groups at random:
- Intervention: Aromatherapy with the lavender-peppermint scent
- Control: Aromatherapy with the almond oil scent
Participants will also be asked to complete pre- and post-operative questionnaires.
Researchers will compare both groups (intervention vs control) to see if aromatherapy reduces post-operative anxiety, pain, opioid intake, and nausea/vomiting.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Preoperative depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing have all been linked to an increase in postoperative pain and opiate use. Although aromatherapy, specifically lavender, may lower anxiety, no placebo-controlled trial has been undertaken to establish Aromatherapy's therapeutic promise for anxiety after total knee replacement. Although peppermint has been demonstrated to reduce nausea and vomiting, it has not been tested in this population for post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The purpose of this pilot randomized controlled study is to determine the effectiveness of Lavender-Peppermint in reducing post-operative anxiety and discomfort in patients following unilateral primary knee replacement surgery. The study will also monitor individuals throughout the perioperative period to see if aromatherapy intervention reduces PONV and opioid requirement after surgery.
The main questions to answer are:
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce post operative anxiety in patients after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce post operative pain in patient after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce postoperative opioid consumption after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Does Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting after primary total knee replacement when compared to placebo?
Participants will be assigned to one of the following groups at random:
- Intervention: Aromatherapy in the lavender-peppermint scent
- Control: Aromatherapy in the almond oil scent
Participants will also be asked to complete pre- and post-operative questionnaires via the following surveys/questionnaires:
- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Short Form
- PROMIS Anxiety v1.0 (short form 8a)
- PROMIS Depression v1.0 (short form 8a)
- PROMIS Pain Interference v1.1 (short form 6b)
- Pain Catastrophizing Scale
- Pain Rating Scale in Numeric Form
- Opioid Consumption
- Opioid Related Symptoms Distress Scale
- Adverse Events
- Aromatherapy Satisfaction Questionnaire
- Bang Blinding Index
Researchers will compare both groups (intervention vs control) to see if aromatherapy reduces post-operative anxiety, pain, opioid intake, and vomiting.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Justas Lauzadis, PhD
- Phone Number: 212-774-2946
- Email: lauzadisj@hss.edu
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Pa Thor, PhD
- Phone Number: 646-797-8535
- Email: thorp@hss.edu
Study Locations
-
-
New York
-
New York, New York, United States, 10021
- Hospital for Special Surgery
-
-
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age > 18 and ≤ 80
- Scheduled to undergo primary, unilateral knee replacement surgery
- Willing and able to provide informed consent
- Willing and able to complete follow-up procedures
- Intact olfactory function
- Score 19 or greater on the PROMIS Anxiety Shortform 8A
Exclusion Criteria:
- Score <19 on the PROMIS Emotional Distress - Anxiety - Short Form 8a
- Current major anxiety or depression
- Currently taking medications to treat anxiety
- Impaired sense of smell
- History of chronic pain with opioid use for greater than 3 months
- History of Drug or Alcohol abuse
- History of fibromyalgia
- History of G6PD deficiency
- Plant or tree nut allergy
- Severe allergy to Opioids, NSAIDS or local anesthetics (such as anaphylaxis)
- Severe liver disease, renal insufficiency (with inability to take acetaminophen or NSAIDS)
- Non-English Speaking
- Surgery requiring a hospitalization of greater than 3 days
- Patient refusal
- Current cardiac fibrillation
- Chronic opioid user (>3 months)
- BMI ≥ 45
- Contraindication to neuraxial anesthesia
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Other
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
- Masking: Double
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Lavender-Peppermint Aromatherapy Group
This is the interventional group.
Participants in this group will receive aromatherapy tabs in the scent of lavender-peppermint.
Tabs will be worn on a badge for a total of 72 hours, and participants will replace the aroma tabs every 12 hours.
|
100% pure essential oils Lavender-peppermint aromatabs purchased through Beekley Medical
|
Placebo Comparator: Almond-oil Aromatherapy Group
This is the placebo group.
Participants in this group will receive aromatherapy tabs in the scent of almond oil.
Tabs will worn on a badge for a total of 72 hours, and participants will replace the aroma tabs every 12 hours.
|
100% pure essential oils Almond-oil aromatabs purchased through Beekley Medical
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Changes in Anxiety level after surgery
Time Frame: Measured pre-operatively, in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
To assess the cumulative change in participants' state anxiety level after surgery. Measured using the State Anxiety Inventory. Scored on the following scale:
with 1 being the lowest score and 4 being the highest score. |
Measured pre-operatively, in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
The average pain score after surgery
Time Frame: Measured pre-operatively, in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
To assess the average pain score of participants after surgery.
Measured using the numerical rating scale (NRS).
Measured on a 11-point numeric scale from '0' representing one pain extreme (e.g.
"no pain") to '10' representing the other pain extreme (e.g.
"pain as bad as you can imagine" or "worst pain imaginable").
|
Measured pre-operatively, in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Difference in depression level before and after surgery
Time Frame: Measured pre-operatively and on post-operative day (POD) 7
|
To assess participants' post-operative emotional distress. Measured using the PROMIS depression short form 8a. Scored on the following scale:
|
Measured pre-operatively and on post-operative day (POD) 7
|
Average score on pain catastrophizing
Time Frame: Measured pre-operatively, post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
The Pain Catastrophizing Scale is made up of 13 phrases that describe various thoughts and sensations that people may have while they are in pain. The items are assessed on a 5-point scale and are grouped into three categories: rumination, magnification, and helplessness. Scored on the following scale: 0 = Not at all
|
Measured pre-operatively, post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
Average score on pain interference
Time Frame: Measured pre-operatively and on post-operative day (POD) 7
|
The PROMIS Pain Interference instruments (adult) measure the self-reported consequences of pain on relevant aspects of a person's life and may include the extent to which pain hinders engagement with social, cognitive, emotional, physical, and recreational activities. Pain Interference also incorporates items probing sleep and enjoyment in life, though the item bank only contains one sleep item. The Pain Interference items utilize a 7-day recall period (items include the phrase "the past 7 days"). Scored on the following scale:
|
Measured pre-operatively and on post-operative day (POD) 7
|
Average post-operative opioid consumption
Time Frame: Measured in the post-operative care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD2, POD3, POD7
|
Self-reported measure of medication, dosage, and time of opioid consumption
|
Measured in the post-operative care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD2, POD3, POD7
|
Severity of post-operative nausea
Time Frame: Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
To assess, if participants experience post-operative nausea, the severity of the nausea. Measured using the Opioid Related Symptom Distress Scale. If patients experienced nausea, the frequency, severity, and bothersomeness will be assessed. Frequency will be assessed using a 4 point scale:
Severity is assessed using a 4 point scale:
Bothersomeness is assessed using a 5 point scale:
|
Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
Severity of post-operative vomiting
Time Frame: Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
To assess, if participants experience post-operative vomiting, the severity of the vomiting. Measured using the Opioid Related Symptom Distress Scale. If patients experienced vomiting, the number of episodes, severity, and bothersomeness will be assessed. Severity is assessed using a 4 point scale:
Bothersomeness is assessed using a 5 point scale:
|
Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
Incidences of post-operative complications
Time Frame: Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) up to post operative day 7
|
To assess the incidences of post-operative complications such as need for ICU admission, DVT/PE, MI, stroke. To be measured in the number of patients who reported adverse events. |
Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) up to post operative day 7
|
To assess the severity of opioid-related symptom distress
Time Frame: Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
The Opioid-Related Symptom Distress Scale (ORSDS) is a scale that assesses three dimensions of symptom distress (frequency, severity, and bothersomeness) for 12 symptoms. The symptom-specific ORSDS is calculated by taking the average of the three symptom distress dimensions. Frequency will be assessed using a 4 point scale:
Severity is assessed using a 4 point scale:
Bothersomeness is assessed using a 5 point scale:
|
Measured at post-anesthesia care unit (PACU), post-operative day (POD) 1, POD 2, POD 3, POD 7
|
To assess participants' satisfaction with the aromatherapy
Time Frame: Measured at post operative day 7
|
Self-reported responses on a survey of 7-items to assess participants' level of satisfaction with the aromatherapy they received. Measured on the following scale:
|
Measured at post operative day 7
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Uchenna Umeh, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Pilkonis PA, Choi SW, Reise SP, Stover AM, Riley WT, Cella D; PROMIS Cooperative Group. Item banks for measuring emotional distress from the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS(R)): depression, anxiety, and anger. Assessment. 2011 Sep;18(3):263-83. doi: 10.1177/1073191111411667. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
- Franco L, Blanck TJ, Dugan K, Kline R, Shanmugam G, Galotti A, von Bergen Granell A, Wajda M. Both lavender fleur oil and unscented oil aromatherapy reduce preoperative anxiety in breast surgery patients: a randomized trial. J Clin Anesth. 2016 Sep;33:243-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.02.032. Epub 2016 May 5.
- Lakhan SE, Sheafer H, Tepper D. The Effectiveness of Aromatherapy in Reducing Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Pain Res Treat. 2016;2016:8158693. doi: 10.1155/2016/8158693. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
- Carey ET, Moore KJ, Young JC, Bhattacharya M, Schiff LD, Louie MY, Park J, Strassle PD. Association of Preoperative Depression and Anxiety With Long-term Opioid Use After Hysterectomy for Benign Indications. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Nov 1;138(5):715-724. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004568.
- Larach DB, Sahara MJ, As-Sanie S, Moser SE, Urquhart AG, Lin J, Hassett AL, Wakeford JA, Clauw DJ, Waljee JF, Brummett CM. Patient Factors Associated With Opioid Consumption in the Month Following Major Surgery. Ann Surg. 2021 Mar 1;273(3):507-515. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003509.
- Jones T, Purdy M, Stewart EA, Cutshall SM, Hathcock MA, Mahapatra S, Bauer BA, Ainsworth AJ. Lavender Aromatherapy to Reduce Anxiety During Intrauterine Insemination: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Glob Adv Health Med. 2021 Nov 17;10:21649561211059074. doi: 10.1177/21649561211059074. eCollection 2021.
- Hamzeh S, Safari-Faramani R, Khatony A. Effects of Aromatherapy with Lavender and Peppermint Essential Oils on the Sleep Quality of Cancer Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2020 Mar 25;2020:7480204. doi: 10.1155/2020/7480204. eCollection 2020.
- Mohr C, Jensen C, Padden N, Besel JM, Brant JM. Peppermint Essential Oil for Nausea and Vomiting in Hospitalized Patients: Incorporating Holistic Patient Decision Making Into the Research Design. J Holist Nurs. 2021 Jun;39(2):126-134. doi: 10.1177/0898010120961579. Epub 2020 Sep 27. Erratum In: J Holist Nurs. 2022 Sep;40(3):NP1-NP5.
- Briggs P, Hawrylack H, Mooney R. Inhaled peppermint oil for postop nausea in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Nursing. 2016 Jul;46(7):61-7. doi: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000482882.38607.5c.
- Koulivand PH, Khaleghi Ghadiri M, Gorji A. Lavender and the nervous system. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:681304. doi: 10.1155/2013/681304. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
- Kim JT, Ren CJ, Fielding GA, Pitti A, Kasumi T, Wajda M, Lebovits A, Bekker A. Treatment with lavender aromatherapy in the post-anesthesia care unit reduces opioid requirements of morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. Obes Surg. 2007 Jul;17(7):920-5. doi: 10.1007/s11695-007-9170-7.
- Kim JT, Wajda M, Cuff G, Serota D, Schlame M, Axelrod DM, Guth AA, Bekker AY. Evaluation of aromatherapy in treating postoperative pain: pilot study. Pain Pract. 2006 Dec;6(4):273-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1533-2500.2006.00095.x.
- Soltani R, Soheilipour S, Hajhashemi V, Asghari G, Bagheri M, Molavi M. Evaluation of the effect of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil on post-tonsillectomy pain in pediatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013 Sep;77(9):1579-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.07.014. Epub 2013 Aug 8.
- Heidari Gorji MA, Ashrastaghi OG, Habibi V, Charati JY, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Ayasi M. The effectiveness of lavender essence on strernotomy related pain intensity after coronary artery bypass grafting. Adv Biomed Res. 2015 Jun 4;4:127. doi: 10.4103/2277-9175.158050. eCollection 2015.
- Nasiri A, Mahmodi MA, Nobakht Z. Effect of aromatherapy massage with lavender essential oil on pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Nov;25:75-80. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.08.002. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
- Moeini M, Khadibi M, Bekhradi R, Mahmoudian SA, Nazari F. Effect of aromatherapy on the quality of sleep in ischemic heart disease patients hospitalized in intensive care units of heart hospitals of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2010 Fall;15(4):234-9.
- Julian LJ. Measures of anxiety: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HADS-A). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 Nov;63 Suppl 11(0 11):S467-72. doi: 10.1002/acr.20561. No abstract available.
- Recklitis CJ, Blackmon JE, Chevalier LL, Chang G. Validating the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form v1.0-Anxiety 8a in a sample of young adult cancer survivors: Comparison with a structured clinical diagnostic interview. Cancer. 2021 Oct 1;127(19):3691-3697. doi: 10.1002/cncr.33683. Epub 2021 Jul 1.
- Clover K, Lambert SD, Oldmeadow C, Britton B, Mitchell AJ, Carter G, King MT. Convergent and criterion validity of PROMIS anxiety measures relative to six legacy measures and a structured diagnostic interview for anxiety in cancer patients. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2022 Jul 20;6(1):80. doi: 10.1186/s41687-022-00477-4.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 2023-1715
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
Clinical Trials on Depression
-
ProgenaBiomeRecruitingDepression | Depression, Postpartum | Depression, Anxiety | Depression Moderate | Depression Severe | Clinical Depression | Depression in Remission | Depression, Endogenous | Depression ChronicUnited States
-
Washington University School of MedicineCompletedTreatment Resistant Depression | Late Life Depression | Geriatric Depression | Refractory Depression | Therapy-Resistant DepressionUnited States, Canada
-
Kintsugi Mindful Wellness, Inc.Sonar Strategies; Vituity PsychiatryRecruitingDepression | Depression Moderate | Depression Severe | Depression MildUnited States
-
University of California, San FranciscoRecruitingDepression Moderate | Depression Mild | Depression, TeenUnited States
-
University GhentUniversiteit Antwerpen; Janssen-Cilag Ltd.RecruitingDepression Moderate | Depression Severe | Depression MildBelgium
-
Baylor College of MedicineUniversity of TexasRecruitingDepression | Depression Moderate | Depression Severe | Suicide and Self-harm | Depression in Adolescence | Depression MildUnited States
-
University of Cape TownNational Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)CompletedPostpartum Depression | Clinical Depression | Moderate DepressionSouth Africa
-
Washington University School of MedicinePatient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute; National Institute of Mental...CompletedMajor Depressive Disorder | Treatment Resistant Depression | Treatment-Refractory Depression | Late Life Depression | Geriatric DepressionUnited States, Canada
-
Northern Illinois UniversityUniversity Autonoma de Santo DomingoTerminatedDepression Moderate | Depression MildUnited States, Dominican Republic
-
Gerbera Therapeutics, Inc.Not yet recruitingPostpartum Depression | Depression, Postpartum | Postnatal Depression | Post-partum Depression | Post-Natal DepressionUnited States
Clinical Trials on Elequil Lavender-peppermint Aromatabs
-
Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityCompleted
-
Parkland Health and Hospital SystemCompletedStress LevelsUnited States
-
University of PittsburghBeekley MedicalCompletedQuality of Life | Anxiety PostoperativeUnited States
-
Hackensack Meridian HealthCompletedNausea | Vomiting | AnxietyUnited States
-
M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterCompleted
-
Central DuPage HospitalUnknownNausea, Vomiting and Anxiety Associated With Medical Oncology PatientsUnited States
-
University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCompletedJoint DiseasesUnited States
-
The University of Texas Health Science Center at...University HealthEnrolling by invitationNausea | Suffering, PhysicalUnited States
-
Central DuPage HospitalUnknown