Type 1 Diabetes, Exercise and Mentoring Trial (TEAM)

May 27, 2026 updated by: Jon McGavock, University of Manitoba

Type 1 Diabetes, Exercise and Mentoring (TEAM) Trial: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Using Peer Mentorship to Increase Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

The proposed study aims to improve the psychosocial health of adolescents living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study will generate knowledge and support knowledge mobilization about the effectiveness of a novel model of care for psychosocial health and self-management for adolescents living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The novel model of care is the recruitment and training if young adult mentors to deliver a behavioural intervention that empowers adolescents with T1D to increase daily physical activity. The study will also advance the development and implementation of this peer mentoring model to improve the psychosocial health of adolescents with T1D.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Rationale: Empowering adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) to increase daily physical activity (a cornerstone behaviour in diabetes self-management) is well-defined knowledge gap in pediatric endocrinology clinical practice. Adopting a lifestyle that includes regular physical activity (PA) is essential for the optimal health and quality of life (QoL) of adolescents living with T1D, however Diabetes Canada clinical practice guidelines provide no evidence for optimal behavioural approaches for achieving the extensive self-management behaviours needed to prevent diabetes-related complications during a critical stage of psychological, social and emotional development. As such, daily PA levels remain low in adolescents with T1D and many do not meet current recommendations for daily PA. The aim of this pilot trial is to assess the feasibility, preliminary efficacy and safety of a novel peer-led behavioural intervention to increase PA and quality of life for adolescents living with T1D.

Methodology: Investigators will conduct a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing a peer-led, behavioural intervention, to standard of care on daily PA and quality of life. Investigators will also conduct a qualitative study within the trial to understand the contextual factors that influenced the peer mentoring approach to empowering adolescents with T1D.

Population: Sixty adolescents 13-17 years of age living with T1D from 2 sites in Canada who will be randomized 2:1 to intervention or control arms, respectively.

Intervention Arm: A 12-week behavioural intervention guided by the tenets of self-determination theory, and led by a physically active young adult mentors, 21-30 yrs of age living with T1D. Mentors will rely on motivational interviewing skills to support adolescents living with T1D to increase daily PA by fostering a sense of autonomy for goal setting and self-management skill acquisition, competency in their ability to increase daily PA without compromising glucose management and a sense of relatedness to a community of adolescents overcoming similar challenges.

Control Arm: Adolescents in the wait-list control arm will receive standard clinical recommendations to increase daily PA.

Investigators will also conduct a qualitative study with 10 adolescents who participated in the intervention. The qualitative component will attempt to (1) identify the complex factors that influenced adherence to the intervention; (2) determine the appropriateness and relevance of peer mentoring for adolescents with T1D; (3) explore sex, gender and psychosocial-specific factors related to the delivery of the peer mentoring intervention; and (4) explore possible novel mediators of the effect of the study arms on psychosocial health, quality of life and health behaviours.

Timing: Feasibility and fidelity outcomes will be assessed throughout the trial and at the 12-week time point.

Patient-engagement: Patient co-researchers from Canada and Ireland participated in several formative studies that informed this proposal. They co-designed the novel peer-led intervention and all aspects of the trial outlined in this proposal.

Importance: The results of this trial will inform a larger trial to provide much needed empirical evidence for inform pediatric diabetes clinical practice guidelines for behavioural strategies to improve self management and quality of life for adolescents living with T1D.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Estimated)

60

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

  • Canada
    • Manitoba
      • Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
        • Recruiting
        • the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba and the University of Manitoba
        • Contact:
    • Ontario
      • Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
        • Recruiting
        • Trillium Health Partners
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

  • Child

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • want to increase their daily PA
  • currently use a continuous glucose monitor (CGM)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • were diagnosed with T1D within 12 months of randomization
  • have diabetes secondary to medications or surgery
  • have cancer
  • evidence of drug/alcohol abuse
  • have an eating disorder
  • an orthopedic injury or illness that would limit their ability to engage in daily PA
  • a suicide attempt in the previous 12 months
  • are pregnant

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Double

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 12-week TEAM peer mentor program
A 12-week peer-led behavioural intervention that supports increased physical activity. It will consist of 3 weekly contacts between participants and peer mentors that will be a mix of in-person, virtual, and texting. The intervention components and communication between adolescents and peer mentors with T1D will be guided by SDT, and designed to overcome the key psychosocial barriers to PA. The peer mentors that complete the training will deliver a 12-week intervention to increase behavioural skills that foster autonomy for goal setting and overcoming barriers to PA.
Behavioral: 12-week TEAM peer mentor program
A 12-week peer-led behavioural intervention that supports increased physical activity. It will consist of 3 weekly contacts between participants and peer mentors that will be a mix of in-person, virtual, and texting. The intervention components and communication between adolescents and peer mentors with T1D will be guided by SDT, and designed to overcome the key psychosocial barriers to PA. The peer mentors that complete the training will deliver a 12-week intervention to increase behavioural skills that foster autonomy for goal setting and overcoming barriers to PA.
No Intervention: 12-week waitlist control
A 12-week waitlist control group that receives usual care, including standard educational resources developed by the Canadian Society of Exercise Physiology for adopting and sustaining daily PA. Adolescents randomized to the control arm will be offered the 12 week intervention following the 24 week follow-up time point.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Enrollment rates
Time Frame: during the study period of approximately three years.
Defined as the number of (i) adolescents who consent to participate and are randomized to one of the two study arms during the study period of approximately three years and (ii) the number of young adults who agree and complete the training to become peer mentors to the adolescents during the study period of approximately three years.
during the study period of approximately three years.
Adherence to the intervention arms
Time Frame: during the study period of approximately three years
Defined as the percentage of prescribed sessions that adolescents attended during the trial period of approximately three years
during the study period of approximately three years
Retention for follow-up measurements
Time Frame: during the study period of approximately three years.
Defined as the percentage of adolescents who complete follow-up measurements during the study period of approximately three years.
during the study period of approximately three years.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Physical activity
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
Daily moderate to vigorous physical activity measured for seven days with a waist mounted accelerometer
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Quality of Life (DQOL)
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Health-Related Quality of Life in persons living with diabetes (DQOL) will be used to measure overall quality of life. Lower scores indicate better quality of life.
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Quality of Life (PedsQL 4.0)
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
Quality of Life (PedsQL 4.0) will be used to measure the condition-specific quality of life. Lower scores indicate better quality of life.
Baseline, week 12, week 24

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Diabetes Distress
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-peds) survey has the best psychometric properties for adolescents and young adults. With the PAID-T, adolescents use a 6-point scale (1 -not a problem to 6 -a serious problem) to rate various sources of distress over the past month.
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Mastery
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Perceived Competence for Diabetes Scale (PCDS) assesses the degree to which people with diabetes feel they can manage the everyday aspects of diabetes care. The PCDS contains four statements, rated on a 7-point Likert scale, with higher scores representing better respondent performance.
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Autonomy
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Treatment Self-Regulation Questionnaire (TSRQ) is a theoretically derived scale that assesses the degree of autonomous self-regulation regarding why people engage or would engage in healthy behavior and is designed to assess the different forms of motivation within SDT.
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Motivation for physical activity (LCE)
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Locus of Causality for Exercise Scale (LCE) is a brief, three-item scale designed to assess the extent to which individuals feel that they freely choose to exercise rather than feeling that they have to for an external reason (i.e. parents/external expectations). Higher scores indicate higher self-determination.
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Readiness for change
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
Readiness for change will be assessed using the PA counselling readiness questionnaire (PACE).
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Motivation to engage in exercise
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-3 (BREQ3) is a measure of motivation to engage in exercise from an SDT perspective.
Baseline, week 12, week 24
Motivation for Physical Activity (EMI-2)
Time Frame: Baseline, week 12, week 24
The Exercise Motivations Inventory-2 (EMI-2) examines the significance of exercise motives from the perspective of self-determination theory.
Baseline, week 12, week 24

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

University of Manitoba

Collaborators

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Jonathan McGavock, University of Manitoba / the Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

February 1, 2025

Primary Completion (Estimated)

April 1, 2027

Study Completion (Estimated)

May 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

January 15, 2024

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 5, 2024

First Posted (Actual)

March 6, 2024

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

June 1, 2026

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

May 27, 2026

Last Verified

May 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • B2023:035

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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