The Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) Experience And Tubal Spasm (HEAT) Study (HEAT)

The Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) Experience And Tubal Spasm (HEAT) Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial

The hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is the gold standard of assessing fallopian tube patency and involves the placement of a transcervical catheter to allow for instillation of radio-opaque dye into the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes which are then imaged with abdominal x-ray. A common side effect of the instillation of dye is the uterine cramping, which is both uncomfortable for the patient as well as can cause iatrogenic proximal occlusion of the fallopian tubes. Proximal tubal obstruction is often not representative of true tubal obstruction but is rather an artifact of the test. Prior studies measuring the perceived pain and cramping during HSG have been conducted which have shown reduced pain scores and decreased uterine cramping when warmed contrast dye is used. The researchers propose that the use of warmed contrast media during HSG will be correlated with decreased pain scores and fewer cases of proximal tubal occlusion in women with otherwise normal uterine anatomy.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Infertility
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Warmed HSG

Detailed Description

Research materials will include obtaining patient past medical history at time of the patient screening and recruitment, via utilization of Epic to search for demographic factors including age, height, weight, BMI, race/ethnicity, duration of infertility, past medical history, and gynecologic/obstetric history.

Post-procedure images from the HSG/report of the HSG findings will be saved in Epic as per usual standard clinical practice. HSG findings will be transcribed with prior demographics/history into a PHI-safe RedCap. No biospecimens will be collected under this protocol.

Patients undergoing fertility treatment that are recommended to undergo HSG as part of their evaluation will be referred to a dedicated research nurse (RN) for eligibility screening and informed consent.

Once found to be meeting inclusion criteria, the patient will be consented and scheduled for HSG as appropriate for their menstrual cycle and clinical care. Typically, patients are scheduled during cycle day 5-10 of their menstrual cycle for best study image quality.

Once scheduled, the patient will be randomized to warmed (body temperature) vs cold (room temperature) HSG. The principal investigator will create a computer-generated randomization table (1:1) using block randomization with randomly varying block size of 4 and 6 without stratification.

Study team members will have electronic access to the table of randomization within the secure REDCap randomization module and will assign each patient to a single-blinded treatment group once informed consent is obtained.

HSG will be performed in accordance with clinic policy by a physician or physician assistant trained in the procedure and interpretation of study results. Patients will be asked to complete a pre- and post-procedure questionnaire.

All data will be collected by the research team and entered into RedCap. A single study visit lasting approximately 1 hour will be conducted. The patient will be assigned a unique study ID number, and the randomization module in REDCap will be used to assign the participant to either the experimental (warm) or control (cold) group.

The patient will be blinded to the treatment allocation, but the research team will be unblinded to allow for correct choice and use of warm versus cold contrast media. As research team members will touch the HSG contrast media and be able to discern if it is cold or warm, it is impossible to maintain blinding of the research team.

The control group (cold contrast) is the current standard of care and is included in this study as a control to allow for comparison with the experimental (warm contrast) group. All patients will obtain an HSG via the same standardized technique at OURM.

Patients may withdraw from the study at any time without repercussions and will be allowed to undergo HSG with standard of care practices at OURM at their discretion. Withdrawal of participation in the study will not change the course of a patient's fertility evaluation or treatment. If the study were to end prematurely, all patients will maintain scheduled appointments for HSG with standard practice methods (cold contrast dye) to be used as per clinic protocol.

All participant recruitment and data collection activities including consenting, interventions, chart reviews, and data analysis will occur at OU Reproductive Medicine clinic (OURM) and via Epic clinical chart review as needed to obtain study data. Data analysis will be conducted in the OUHSC Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology using data exported from the HIPAA compliant REDCap database and stored on a secure server.

Patients and their fertility provider will all be informed of their HSG results after completion of the procedure as per clinic protocol as part of their fertility evaluation. Patients will be informed of their HSG results after completion of a post-procedure pain questionnaire.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 240
• Phase: Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Christy Zornes, MHR; Phone Number: 48137 (405) 271-8001; Email: christy-zornes@ou.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
      • Recruiting
      • University of Oklahoma Health Center
      • Contact: Christy Zornes, MHR; Phone Number: 48137 405-271-8001; Email: christy-zornes@ou.edu
      • Principal Investigator: LaTasha Craig, MD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Women ages 18-45 undergoing tubal assessment via HSG.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of fibroids
2. History of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID or STD including gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas)
3. History of surgically diagnosed endometriosis or suspected endometriosis on ultrasound (indicated by visualization of likely endometrioma)
4. History of ectopic pregnancy or 3 or more biochemical pregnancies/pregnancy of unknown location
5. History of tubal or ovarian surgery
6. History of known Mullerian anomaly
7. History of pelvic surgery including appendectomy
8. Allergy to iodine-based contrast media
9. History of prior abnormal fallopian tubes on HSG
10. History of ultrasound with hydrosalpinx (unilateral or bilateral)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Cold HSG; HSG contrast will be standard, room-temperature
Active Comparator: Warm HSG; HSG constrast will be warmed.	Drug: Warmed HSG; The intervention is warming the HSG constrast.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Post-HSG Pain Questionnaire	To compare the patient experience for patients undergoing HSG when warm versus cold contrast media is utilized, patients will complete a post-HSG Questionnaire to indicate their level of pain.	Measured 1 hour after HSG procedure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Rate of unilateral and bilateral proximal fallopian tube occlusion	The event proportions of unilateral and bilateral proximal fallopian tube occlusion at the time of HSG procedure will be compared between warms versus cold contrast media groups using chi-square tests or Fisher's exact tests as appropriate.	Measured at the time of HSG procedure

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Oklahoma
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: LaTasha Craig, MD, University of Oklahoma Health Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Estimated): May 1, 2026
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 1, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 3, 2025
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 5, 2025
• First Posted (Actual): November 10, 2025

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 28, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 27, 2026
• Last Verified: April 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urogenital Diseases; Genital Diseases; Infertility
• Other Study ID Numbers: 18943

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No